Thermokarst is a land surface lowered and disrupted by melting ground ice. Thermokarst is a major driver of landscape change in the Arctic, but has been considered to be a minor process in Antarctica. Here, we use ground-based and airborne LiDAR coupled with timelapse imaging and meteorological data to show that 1) thermokarst formation has accelerated in Garwood Valley, Antarctica; 2) the rate...

The evolution of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the Holocene remains uncertain. In particular, a host of new paleoclimate records suggest that ENSO internal variability or other external forcings may have dwarfed the fairly modest ENSO response to precessional insolation changes simulated in climate models. Here, using fully coupled ocean-atmosphere model simulations, we show th...

Insolation differences play a primary role in controlling microclimate and vegetation cover, which together influence the development of topography. Topographic asymmetry (TA), or slope between terrain aspects, has been well documented small-scale, field-based, modeling studies. Here we combine suite environmental (e.g., vegetation, temperature, solar insolation) topographic elevation, drainage...

A 1 metre increment modelled pressure profile is used to study the troposphere of Venus from surface lower stratosphere. Using a model lapse rate as constraint on cooling by vertically convecting air, height tropopause convection limit close match level observed static atmosphere for 250 Kelvin freezing point 75% weight concentrated sulphuric acid, primary condensing volatile in Venusian atmosp...

Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5, between about 130 and 70 ka BP, is characterized by climate oscillations consisting of three interstadials two stadials. Many simulations have been performed for the warmest MIS-5e period, but few has made to cover entire MIS-5 investigate variability during this long period. In study, sets snapshot a step 2 covering whole period are with model HadCM3 relative impa...