In this paper, we apply a new structural approach to generalized analysis-by-synthesis (GAbS) for system identification as a preprocessor of a low-bit-rate speech coder. In our approach, the coder-decoder (CODEC) system is separately estimated and then applied to modify the current input signal. This is different from that originally proposed where the CODEC system is sequentially estimated and...

A modification of Kohonen's Learning Vector Quanti zation is proposed to hand le hard cases of supervised learning with a rugged decision surface or asymmetries in the input dat a structure. Cell reference points (neurons) are forced to move close to the decision surface by successively omit ting input data that do not find a neuron of the opposite class within a circle of shrinking radius . Th...

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a Soft-Input soft-Output decoding algorithm for LDPC codes that uses Euclidean distance as its metric, in the Rayleigh fading channel. It is found that its Bit Error Rate performance is close to that of traditional decoding algorithms like the SumProduct algorithm and its logarithmic version. Main characteristics of the proposed algorithm and its...

Information processing in the neuron requires spatial summation of synaptic inputs at the dendrite. In CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, a brief period of correlated pre- and postsynaptic activity, which induces long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD), results in a persistent increase or decrease in the linearity of spatial summation, respectively. Such bidirectional ...

In conventional data envelopment analysis it is assumed that the input versus output status of each of the chosen performance measures is known. In some situations, however, certain performance measures can play either input or output roles. We refer to these performance measures as flexible measures. This paper presents a modification of the standard constant returns to scale DEA model to acco...

Version 1, October 1, 2006 A methodology for determining the input referred offset voltage of comparators is presented. This in general is difficult as the output of a comparator is discrete valued. The method relies on a Monte-Carlo-Simulation with certain comparator input values and some postprocessing of the comparator output data. The comparator is always operated in its intended environmen...

We have performed an experimental and theoretical analysis of the modification of the transverse structure of a probe beam on propagation through an SBS amplifier. The theoretical analysis is based on performing a mode decomposition of the incident fields and determining how each mode amplitude is modified as a result of the nonlinear coupling. For the case of input beams with Gaussian intensit...

One way that some types of short-term or working memory may be implemented in the brain is by using autoassociation networks that recirculate information to maintain the firing of a subset of neurons in what is termed an attractor state. We describe how long-term synaptic modification is necessary to set up the appropriate stable attractors, each one of which corresponds to a memory of a partic...

Constructing speech interfaces to large knowledge bases is difficult. Increasing the scope of the knowledge base often results in a decrease in speech-recognition accuracy. Re-engineering the input language to improve accuracy often necessitates non-trivial modification to the knowledge-base query processor. This problem is compounded if sophisticated techniques are used to analyze input to obt...

Colors and their relationship to surrounding colors cause observers to feel specific emotions. This study proposes a method for extracting emotional words from the color combinations within images. For this, we extract the color spectrum of an input image. By examining the extracted color spectrum and color combinations, we obtain an emotional word. Then, we determine a specific emotion conveye...