• The sympathetic innervation of the vascular tree consists of postganglionic fibers derived from the sympathetic ganglion cells in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions of the sympathetic trunks. In most vascular beds the blood vessels receive their innervation from postganglionic nerves which accompany the main arterial vessels supplying the bed. Information is sparse, however, regarding...

Sympathetic neurons depend on target-derived neurotrophic cues to control their survival and growth. However, whether sympathetic innervation contributes reciprocally to the development of target tissues is less clear. Here, we report that sympathetic innervation is necessary for the formation of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and for their functional maturation. Genetic or pharmacological...

CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 465 A definition and some general principles 468 Neuromuscular paradigms of neurotrophic competition 471 Innervation of smooth muscle 471 Innervation of skeletal muscle 472 Indirect evidence for spatial competition in skeletal muscle 473 Predictions regarding plasticity of smooth and skeletal muscle innervation 474 Competition versus co-existence of motor nerve termin...

Aims/hypothesisType 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a progressive loss of beta-cell function, and the “disappearance” beta-cells in T2D may also be caused process beta -cell dedifferentiation. Since noradrenergic innervation inhibits insulin secretion density fibers increased type mouse models, we aimed to study relation between islet innervation, dedifferentiation function humans.MethodsU...

Hereditary aspects in the anomalous innervation of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle by the accessory deep peroneal nerve, were investigated. Utilizing electrophysiological techniques, 22% of 100 healthy unrelated individuals demonstrated this variation in innervation of one or both extensor digitorum brevis muscles. The study of family members of five of these subjects with the variation sh...

In this report, we have examined the role of neuron-derived BDNF at an accessible synapse, that of preganglionic neurons onto their sympathetic neuron targets. Developing and mature sympathetic neurons synthesize BDNF, and preganglionic neurons express the full-length BDNF/TrkB receptor. When sympathetic neuron-derived BDNF is increased 2- to 4-fold in transgenic mice, preganglionic cell bodies...

perfection of staining methods, the results were tainted with defects. In 1932, the epochal discovery of the terminal formation of the vegetative nerve fibres, that is the terminalreticulum, was made by Stohr1) and Reiser,2) after a painstaking labor. Subsequent observations by many investigators on the subject led to a remarkable illustration of the problem. On the other hand, the sensory nerv...

Skin is in constant evolution from the embryo state, reciprocal control between epidermis and neurons different ages of life little known. Our objective was to characterize epidermal neuronal interaction juvenile or adult using a new model re-innervated epidermis. Human sensory were obtained iPS cells, their differentiation functionality validated by observation morphology, markers expression, ...

Understanding intracranial nociceptive innervation is essential to understand the pathophysiology of headaches. Our knowledge about human nociception comes from sparse observations during neurosurgical procedures performed in awake patients, anatomical studies and experimental animals. In this article we review functional organization underlying innervation. Intracranial mainly mediated by trig...