In this paper, motivated by Cagliari and Mantovani, we have obtained a characterization of injective objects (with respect to the class embeddings in category

We introduce the index i(v) = 1− χ(S−(v)) for critical points of a locally injective function f on the vertex set V of a simple graph G = (V,E). Here S−(v) = {w ∈ S(v) | f(w) − f(v) < 0 } is the subgraph of the unit sphere S(v) generated by the vertices {w ∈ V | (v, w) ∈ E }. We prove that the sum ∑ v∈V i(v) of the indices always is equal to the Euler characteristic χ(G) of the graph G. This is...

Let S be a closed orientable surface of genus at least two, and let C be an arbitrary (complex) projective structure on S. We show that there is a decomposition of S into pairs of pants and cylinders such that the restriction of C to each component has an injective developing map and a discrete and faithful holonomy representation. This decomposition implies that every projective structure can ...

Let S be a closed orientable surface of genus at least two, and let C be an arbitrary (complex) projective structure on S. We show that there is a decomposition of S into pairs of pants and cylinders such that the restriction of C to each component has an injective developing map and a discrete and faithful holonomy representation. This decomposition implies that every projective structure can ...

Given a homomorphism of commutative noetherian rings R → S and an S–module N , it is proved that the Gorenstein flat dimension of N over R, when finite, may be computed locally over S. When, in addition, the homomorphism is local and N is finitely generated over S, the Gorenstein flat dimension equals sup {m ∈ Z | TorRm(E,N) 6= 0}, where E is the injective hull of the residue field of R. This r...

For positive integers k and d ≥ 2, a k-S(d, 1)-labelling of a graph G is a function on the vertex set of G, f : V (G) → {0, 1, 2, · · · , k− 1}, such that |f(u)− f(v)|k ≥ { d if dG(u, v) = 1; 1 if dG(u, v) = 2, where |x|k = min{|x|, k − |x|} is the circular difference modulo k. In general, this kind of labelling is called the S(d, 1)-labelling. The σdnumber of G, σd(G), is the minimum k of a k-...

Given a homomorphism of commutative noetherian rings R → S and an S–module N , it is proved that the Gorenstein flat dimension of N over R, when finite, may be computed locally over S. When, in addition, the homomorphism is local and N is finitely generated over S, the Gorenstein flat dimension equals sup {m ∈ Z | Torm(E,N) 6= 0}, where E is the injective hull of the residue field of R. This re...