The present study describes entrainment characteristics of bed material into debris flow, based on flume tests, numerical and dimensional analyses. Flume tests are conducted to investigate influences of bed sediment size on erosion rate by supplying debris flows having unsaturated sediment concentration over erodible beds. Experimental results show that the erosion rate decreases monotonically ...

This paper presents an analysis that confers new insights into injection pulling and locking of oscillators and the reduction of phase noiseunder locked condition. A graphical interpretation of Adler’s equation predicts the behavior of injection-pulled oscillators in time and frequency domains. An identity derived from the phase and envelope equations expresses the required oscillator nonlinear...

[1] Entrainment processes in convective clouds often occur stochastically and entrainment rate estimates depend on the distance from the cloud from which the dry air is entrained. However, no observational studies exist on either the distance dependence or probability density function of entrainment rate, hindering understanding and the parameterization of convection. Here entrainment rate in c...

This work aims at analyzing three different techniques for synchronizing RF oscillators. These techniques are Injection Locking (ILO), Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and Injection Locked Phase Locked Loop (ILPLL). ILPLL, which is a combination of PLL and ILO, has superior noise performance –compared to all the restat medium frequency offsets and the same noise performance at low and high offsets. Furt...

We consider a model of diffusion in random media with a two-way coupling (i.e., a model in which the randomness of the medium influences the diffusing particles and where the diffusing particles change the medium). In this particular model, particles are injected at the origin with a timedependent rate and diffuse among random traps. Each trap has a finite (random) depth, so that when it has ab...

We report on work directed toward the systematic evaluation of an optical frequency standard based on the 2 1 25 2 transition of a single, laser-cooled, trapped Hg + ion, whose resonance frequency is 1.06 10Hz. For the purpose of the evaluation, a second 199Hg standard has been constructed. In the cooling-laser system built for the second standard, an injection-locking scheme has been applied t...

Abstract Blast loading and its interaction with structures is a complex phenomenon even in the simplest of cases and modelling its effects is a non-trivial task. This complexity is increased when dealing with long duration blast due to the drag loads associated with the dynamic pressure. This paper establishes a scientific benchmark for the debris distribution modelling of masonry panels as the...

We propose a genuinely temperature-insensitive quantum dot (QD) laser. Our approach is based on direct injection of carriers into the QDs, resulting in a strong depletion of minority carriers in the regions outside the QDs. Recombination in these regions, which is the dominant source of the temperature dependence, is thereby suppressed, raising the characteristic temperature 0 above 1500 K. Sti...

Theoretical results concerning injection locking in complex cavity semiconductor lasers are reported. A general equation for the complex temporal envelope of the optical field is derived. The injection direction influence is taken into account and the difference between front and rear phase noise is pointed out and demonstrated. Numerical results are given concerning the feed-in rate of differe...

Phased arrays have long been used by the military for radar applications, but have only been recently applied to consumer applications. In a phased array system, one or more narrow beams are generated by transmitting (or receiving) a common RF signal that is phase shifted at the output of each antenna in the array such that the direction of the beams can be varied by controlling the phase diffe...