injecting drug users (Author postprint) in Addiction, 93(11), 1649-1656 [Accessed: (date) from www.drugsandalcohol.ie] 1 Note: This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Addiction following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version [Smyth BP, Keenan E and O’Connor JJ (1998) Bloodborne viral infection in Irish injecting drug users,...

conclusions tattooing and longer duration of addiction were two important factors that significantly increased retention in the program. in contrast, history of using harm reduction services was the factor that decreased persistence. the risk of quitting the program may decrease about 68% in those who did not involve in harm reduction programs. patients and methods this cohort study analyzed da...

BACKGROUND Injecting drug use is an increasingly important cause of HIV transmission in most countries worldwide, especially in eastern Europe, South America, and east and southeast Asia. Among people actively injecting drugs, provision of clean needles and opioid substitution reduce HIV-transmission. However, former injecting drug users (fIDUs) are often overlooked as a high risk group for HIV...

Introduction: Intravenous drug users as a serious health problem in communities have economical and social effects as well as health and hygienic complications. Viral infections may be transmitted through drug injection by shared syringes among users. The aim of this study has been to determine the relative frequency of HBV, HCV and HIV infection’s markers as epidemiological data in Ahvaz. Ma...

Participants 61 people living with HIV infection and 12 sexual partners of people living with HIV infection were recruited using a purposive sampling strategy. The sample comprised 22 self described homosexuals, 42 heterosexuals, and 9 bisexuals. The sample also included drug users who had never injected, former and current injecting drug users, regular and infrequent users, and 3 never drug us...

QUESTION: Do injection drug users describe needle fixation in their experiences of using needles? Design Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Setting 4 drug treatment agencies in south Wales, UK. Participants 24 participants (mean age 33 y, 83% men) who were drug users (mean duration of illicit drug use 15.3 y, mean duration of injecting drugs 11.6 y). 62% of participants had inje...