In a simulation model we investigated how much of the initial genetic variation that is retained in a population after a dominant mutation has brought apomixis to fixation in it. A marker allele associated with the apomixis mutation is generally retained after the fixation of apomixis, particularly if the two alleles are closely linked. The spread of asexuality, however, normally leads to almos...

Introduction: Compaction of bone to create a cavity for a total joint implant is gaining recognition as a bone-saving alternative to methods of cavity preparation that involve only extraction of bone. Advantages of compaction are increased contact area at the implant-bone interface and subsequent improved initial fixation and potential for bone ingrowth. Rasping and drilling are bone extraction...

Rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis may show fixation of complement (C') in the glomeruli during two periods. The first period occurs immediately after the injection of the antisera and extends until the host response occurs. The second period is related to the deposit of rat gamma globulin in the glomeruli presumably occurring at the time of the immune response to the heterologous nephrotoxi...

This work studies the generalized Moran process, as introduced by Lieberman, Hauert, and Nowak [Nature, 433:312-316, 2005], where the individuals of a population reside on the vertices of an undirected connected graph. The initial population has a single mutant of a fitness value r (typically r > 1), residing at some vertex v of the graph, while every other vertex is initially occupied by an in...

We reviewed the clinical details and radiographs of 52 patients with ballistic fractures of the femur admitted to the International Committee of the Red Cross Hospital in Kenya (Lopiding), who had sustained injuries in neighbouring Sudan. In all cases there had been a significant delay in the initial surgery (> 24 hours), and all patients were managed without stabilisation of the fracture by in...

This study investigates the eye movements of dyslexic children and their age-matched controls when reading Chinese. Dyslexic children exhibited more and longer fixations than age-matched control children, and an increase of word length resulted in a greater increase in the number of fixations and gaze durations for the dyslexic than for the control readers. The report focuses on the finding tha...

We develop a new, self-contained proof that the expected number of generations required for gene allele fixation or extinction in a population of size n is O(n) under general assumptions. The proof relies on a discrete Markov chain analysis. We further develop an algorithm to compute expected fixation/extinction time to any desired precision. Our proofs establish O(nH(p)) as the expected time f...

mumps is an acute contagious viral disease that usually manifests as inflam¬mation of the parotid glands. the disease may be associated with symptoms such as parotitis, orchitis and meningoencephalitis. 85% of cases occur in children under 15 years of age. the disease is rare below two years but increases with age, reaching a maximum at 5 to 9 years. some studies in iran showed that the highest...