We propose a new method of radar imaging of underground pipes in inhomogeneous soil, which does not require a priori knowledge of the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in soil. In this method, three-dimensional x t -v data matrix from multiple migrated radar images with different propagation velocities using F-K migration method is composed. And we extract the hyperbolic apex and es...

the third order term in the density functional is required for study of an inhomogeneous fluid. this term can be chosen such that, the thermodynamic potential gives the correct bulk pressure. the density porofile of a hard sphere fluid near hard wall which is an inhomogeneous fluid is obtained and it is shown that, if the third order term is ignored, although an exact bulk direct correlation fu...

A Co nanolayer is used as a local probe to evaluate the vertical inhomogeneous distribution of the electromagnetic (EM) field within a resonant metallic nanodisk. Taking advantage of the direct relation between the magneto-optical activity and the electromagnetic field intensity in the Co layer, it is shown that the nonuniform EM distribution within the nanodisk under plasmon resonant condition...

We constrain the maximum flux from extragalactic neutrino point sources by using diffuse neutrino flux limits. We show that the maximum flux from extragalactic point sources is E2(dNν/dE) ≤ 5.1× 10 −9 (Lν/10 45 erg/s) GeV cm s from an ensemble of sources with average neutrino luminosity per decade, Lν . It depends only slightly on factors such as the inhomogeneous matter density distribution in...

Cooperative behavior is common in nature even if selfishness is sometimes better for an individual. Empirical and theoretical studies have shown that the invasion and expansion of cooperators are related to an inhomogeneous connectivity distribution. Here we study the evolution of cooperation on an adaptive network, in which an individual is able to avoid being exploited by rewiring its link(s)...

We derive and study quasicanonical Gibbs distribution function which is characterized by the thermostat with finite number of particles (quasithermostat). We show that this naturally leads to Tsallis nonextensive statistics and thermodynamics, with Tsallis parameter q is found to be related to the number of particles in the quasither-mostat. We show that the chi-square distribution of fluctuati...