We are concerned in this work with simulations of the localization of a finite number of small electromagnetic inhomogeneities contained in a three-dimensional bounded domain. Typically, the underlying inverse problem considers the time-harmonic Maxwell equations formulated in electric field in this domain and attempts, from a finite number of boundary measurements, to localize these inhomogene...

Human contrast sensitivities to gratings were measured within windows of 3, 9.1 and 61.5 deg at spatial differences down to the nominal frequency of 0 c/deg (i.e., a uniform field), and the resulting curves were related to the Fourier spectra of the corresponding windows and of spatial inhomogeneities in the visual pathway. The data show that sensitivity approaches an asymptote about 1.5 log un...

To assess locally deviating structural and mechanical properties of arterial walls, the spatial variance in end-diastolic intima media thickness (IMT) and the change in IMT during the cardiac cycle (DeltaIMT) were determined along a short segment of the common carotid artery (15.86 mm), at 16 positions simultaneously. Intrasubject spatial inhomogeneities along the artery were revealed by a spat...

The full-spectrum k-distribution (FSK) approach has become a promising method for radiative heat transfer calculations in strongly nongray participating media, due to its ability to achieve high accuracy at a tiny fraction of the line-by-line (LBL) computational cost. However, inhomogeneities in temperature, total pressure, and component mole fractions severely challenge the accuracy of the FSK...

[1] Modeling results of sprite streamer formation from large ionospheric inhomogeneities or patches (several tens to hundreds of meter wide) indicate that positive streamers can be initiated at subbreakdown conditions from the inhomogeneities with a density comparable to sprite halo densities. For spherical patches with a given radius, the minimum density required for streamer initiation decrea...

Low field relaxation and diffusion measurements have become essential tools to study the pore space of sedimentary rocks with important practical applications in the field of well logging and hydrocarbon extractions. Even at Larmor frequencies below 2 MHz, diffusion measurements are often affected noticeably by internal field inhomogeneities. These field inhomogeneities are induced by susceptib...

Quantitative mapping of the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1=1/T1) in the human brain enables the investigation of tissue microstructure and macroscopic morphology which are becoming increasingly important for clinical and neuroimaging applications. R1 maps are now commonly estimated from two fast high-resolution 3D FLASH acquisitions with variable excitation flip angles, because this approach ...