SmartEiffel has been enjoying two different mechanisms to express subtyping and implementation inheritance for one year. After large scale practical tests and thanks to user feedback, this paper finalises the new typing policy of SmartEiffel, which combines two forms of multiple inheritance with genericity in one statically-checked, object-oriented language. Having two forms of inheritance allo...

Software development can be characterized in terms of prototype (or initial design) phases, expansion phases and consolidation phases. During a consolidation phase, some relationships, initially modeled using inheritance, may be evolved to aggregations. Also, during consolidation, abstrasct classes are sometimes de ned to capture behavior common to two or more existing classes. In this paper, w...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of prediabetes in adolescents living in a high-risk country and to detect risk factors associated with this disorder. DESIGN Survey questionnaire combined with physical measurements and blood sugar determination. SETTING Doha, capital city of Qatar. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1694 male and female students aged 11-18 years without previously diagnosed diab...

Plastid genomes show an impressive array of sizes and compactnesses, but the forces responsible for this variation are unknown. It has been argued that species with small effective genetic population sizes are less efficient at purging excess DNA from their genomes than those with large effective population sizes. If true, one may expect the primary mode of plastid inheritance to influence plas...

BACKGROUND Familial keloids have been reported, having either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance. We wished to determine the inheritance pattern and phenotype of keloids among multigenerational families, as a prelude to a positional mapping strategy to identify candidate genes. METHODS We studied three African American families, one Afro-Caribbean family and one Asian-Ameri...

OBJECTIVE This study investigated a large number of families in which at least two individuals were diagnosed with abdominal aortic aneurysms to identify the relationship of the affected relatives to the proband. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Families for the study were recruited through various vascular surgery centers in the United States, Finland, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the U...

I nherited retinal dystrophies are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders. They can be classified in various ways including by clinical findings, electrophysiologic findings, or by inheritance patterns. One of the most important early steps in the clinical evaluation of retinal dystrophy patients is to obtain a family history. If possible, family members can be examined as well to form ...

Abstract In this work we aim to empirically characterize two important dynamical aspects of GP search: the evolution diversity and propagation inheritance patterns. Diversity is calculated at genotypic phenotypic levels using efficient similarity metrics. Inheritance information obtained via a full genealogical record as directed acyclic graph set methods for extracting relevant Advances in pro...

A melogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a group of inherited defects of dental enamel formation that show both clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Enamel findings in AI are highly variable, ranging from deficient enamel formation to defects in the mineral and protein content. Enamel formation requires the expression of multiple genes that transcribes matrix proteins and proteinases needed to control t...

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were (A) to determine inheritance patterns of familial Parkinson's disease in three different geographical areas (Russia, Uzbekistan, and Zambia); (B) compare clinical characteristics of familial with sporadic Parkinson's disease; and (C) assess whether there were ethnic differences in clinical manifestations of the disease. METHODS Fifty two index cases of fa...