Lung concentrations of a drug are expected to drive the pharmacodynamic response to local inflammation after inhalation delivery, and the only way of determining the efficacious dose has been to measure it directly in animal models. In this study, we present a method to predict efficacious lung doses after inhalation in a rat lipopolysaccharide challenge model from in silico predictions of lung...

Additional Notes This guideline is intended to facilitate companies in compiling the dossier for submission for the replacement of a CFC propellant in an already authorised medicinal product. It identifies the considerations of quality, safety and efficacy which should be taken into account. The need for this guideline has been accentuated by the imminent lack of availability of existing replac...

The radon and its progeny concentrations are measured near the surface of the earth at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India. In-situ measurements of the meteorological parameters such as temperature and relative humidity are also made simultaneously. The concentrations show maxima in the early morning hours when the turbulence mixing is the minimum; whereas in the afternoon...

BACKGROUND The AERx Pain Management System (Aradigm Corporation, Hayward, CA) is a novel pulmonary delivery system for the systemic administration of morphine. The authors compared the relative analgesic efficacy and safety of the AERx Pain Management System with those of placebo and intravenous morphine in an orthopedic postsurgical pain model. METHODS Eighty-nine male and female PS-1 to PS-...

BACKGROUND Two bronchoprovocation methods are widely used. Compared to the tidal breathing method, the dosimeter method delivers approximately half the dose and involves five deep inhalations. Both the lower dose and the bronchoprotective deep inhalations contribute to the lesser airway response of the dosimeter. OBJECTIVE To determine the relative role of dose and deep inspiration in the dif...

Beta adrenergic agents given by aerosol decrease the responsiveness of the airways to histamine and methacholine in subjects with asthma, causing a shift of the dose response curve to the right. To find out whether the shift is related to the dose of beta adrenergic agent given and to determine the duration of the reduced responsiveness, eight subjects with asthma were given histamine inhalatio...

A radiotracer technique has been used to assess aerosol delivery from a pressurised metered dose inhaler, used both with and without a 10 cm cylindrical spacer attachment (Syncroner), which has an open section in its upper surface. The radionuclide technetium-99m (99mTc) was added to sodium cromoglycate in a canister (Intal inhaler; 1 mg/puff); in vitro studies with a multistage liquid impinger...

Inhalation exposure to haloacetic acids (HAAs) and haloketones (HKs) in contaminated drinking water occurs during showering. The size distribution of the aerosols generated by a shower was determined using an eight size-range particle counter, which measured particles from 0.1 to >2 microm. An exponential increase in aerosol numbers was observed while the shower water was on, while the aerosol ...

Correspondence: E. Derom, Dept of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. It is generally accepted that inhalation therapy is the most effective way to treat patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Indeed, inhalation of relatively small doses of drug not only results in high, local concentrations in the airways the site of...

BACKGROUND The common intravenous anesthetic agent, propofol, is frequently reported to have negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. In the pediatric population, propofol is commonly used after inhalation induction to facilitate endotracheal intubation without the need for a neuromuscular blocking drug agent. In this setting, we have noted that propofol administration is commonly followed ...