Vibrio parahaemolyticus, as a vibriosis, causes huge losses to the aquaculture industry, food poisoning in humans and activates macrophages induce pro-inflammatory cytokines. Chloroquine (CQ), an anti-inflammatory property, this study aimed investigate effect of CQ on inflammatory response V. parahaemolyticus RAW 264.7 macrophages. The result showed that induced production T-cell co-stimulatory...

Interleukin-1 family 7 (IL-1F7) is a novel member of IL-1F cytokines. IL-1F7 is more commonly known as IL-37. IL-37 join the α-subunit of the IL-18 receptor, or IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), and binding of these proteins can enhance the IL-18 suppression. IL-37 also translocates to the cell nucleus and affects gene transcription. IL-37 inhibits the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated pr...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is physical damage to the brain structure which has a high global rate of mortality and morbidity. TBI can cause intense inflammatory response due to accumulation of leukocytes in cerebral matrix and activation of microglia. Microglia can differentiate into M1 macrophages or M2 macrophages following the changes in biochemical properties of brain tissue. M1 sub type ...

Chronic neuro-inflammation cause the neural cell death including dopaminergic cells and ultimate results Parkinson’s disease (PD). In an MPTP-induced PD animal model increased peripheral pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages (M1- MFs) were found. Polarization of this M1-type MFs to anti-inflammatory M2-type revealed a potential therapeutic benefit for patients. Here we highlight concept re-education ...