Demonstration of an association between inflammation and spinal ankylosis has been challenging. Until the advent of MRI, prospective study was not possible due to inaccessibility of tissue. Recent studies using MRI have described an association between the presence of bone edema at vertebral corners on MRI and the subsequent development of syndesmophytes at the corresponding vertebral corners o...

Redundancy is a common tool in our daily lives. We doubleand triple-check that we turned off gas and lights, took our keys, money, etc. (at least those worrywarts among us do). When an important date is coming up, we drive our loved ones crazy by confirming “just once more” they are on top of it. Of course, the reason we are doing that is to avoid a disaster by missing or forgetting something, ...

The causal basis of vertebrate complexity has been sought in genome duplication events (GDEs) that occurred during the emergence of vertebrates, but evidence beyond coincidence is wanting. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been identified as a viable causal factor in increasing organismal complexity through the action of these approximately 22-nt noncoding RNAs in regulating gene expression. Bec...

A substantial number of patients with preterm labor and delivery do not show clinical signs of infection, however, it is the subclinical form which is the main causative factor and often results in premature delivery. The hitherto commonly applied methods of inflammation detection are based either on potentially hazardous amniocentesis or still insufficient inflammation-related protein measurem...

background polypeptide hormone leptin suppresses inflammation in the heart muscle and protects heart from diseases. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between leptin and troponin serum levels with cardiac involvement in patients with major beta thalassemia. materials and methods in this cross-sectional study, 70 children with major thalassemia were selected. two ml blood ...

epilepsy is the third most common chronic brain disorder which is characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate seizures. mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mtle) is the most common type of refractory epilepsy. increasing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of mtle. hundreds of micro-rnas have been found to be abnormally expressed in epilept...