Venous anomalies involving the inferior vena cava are very rare. The case of a 74-year-old man with coronary artery disease is presented. Interestingly, a double inferior vena cava was incidentally discovered during coronary artery bypass grafting. Persistence of the left hepatic segment vein appeared as a left inferior vena cava-a very rare condition.

Feedback-based adjustment of load is a common mechanism for resource allocation in computer networks. This paper disputes the popular beliefs that the additive-increase multiplicative-decrease adjustment policy is optimal or even necessary for convergence to fair resource sharing. We demonstrate that, in the classic synchronous model, additive increase does not guarantee the quickest convergenc...

PULMONARY embolism, which is usually a complication of venous thrombosis in the lower limbs, is responsible for approximately 3 per cent. of howpital deaths. It is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in various medical and surgical conditions. It is generally accepted that anticoagulant therapy has an important place as a prophylactic measure in venous thrombosis and, when efficient, redu...

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of transposition of the belly of the inferior oblique muscle in treating inferior oblique overaction with small angle hypertropia. METHODS The medical records of 10 patients who underwent inferior oblique belly transposition from March 2014 to July 2016 were reviewed. Transposition of the inferior oblique muscle belly consisted of suturing the entire body of t...

We have read with interest the report of Legarra et al. [1] regarding the use of an inferior median sternotomy incision in patients with a tracheostomy. We have been able to take advantage of their technique’s description to solve a legal problem. A case of death by hanging was considered adequate for multiorgan transplantation including the heart. In Spain, donation of organs for transplantati...

Osteomas are the most common benign osteoclastic tumours of the paranasal sinuses. However, nasal cavity and turbinate osteomas are extremely rare. Only nine middle turbinate, three inferior turbinate and one inferior turbinate osteoma cases have been reported to date. The present case report describes the management and follow-up of symptomatic bilateral inferior turbinate osteoma.A 60-year-ol...

Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is an under-recognized entity that is associated with significant short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. In absence of a congenital anomaly, the most common cause of IVC thrombosis is the presence of an unretrieved IVC filter. Due to the substantial increase in the number of IVC filters placed in the United States and the very low filter retriev...

The spleen, since antiquity, is an organ little known in its duties1,3. We conclude that all its physiological role is not known; but what is known, is that it is essential, verified through other means, by post-splenectomy sepsis for example4,5. Anatomical studies developed by Neder, AM7 and Zapala, A.26, guided by DiDio and anatomical dissections by Campos Christo2, guided by Resende Alves22,...

Manuel S. Malmierca and Eric D. Young* 1 Auditory Neurophysiology Unit, Laboratory for the Neurobiology of Hearing, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain 2 Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain 3 Neural Encoding Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltim...

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) involving the inferior mesenteric artery and vein is very rare with only 33 cases described in the literature and may be of congenital or acquired (iatrogenic or traumatic) or idiopathic etiology. The pathophysiology of AVF that acts as a left-to-right shunt has accounted for clinical signs and symptoms associated with ischemic colitis, portal hypertension, and heart...