Autoimmune encephalitis causes subacute deficits of memory and cognition, often followed by suppressed level of consciousness or coma. A careful history and examination may show early clues to particular autoimmune causes, such as neuromyotonia, hyperekplexia, psychosis, dystonia, or the presence of particular tumors. Ancillary testing with MRI and EEG may be helpful for excluding other causes,...

BACKGROUND The aetiological spectrum of acute encephalitis shows inter- and intra-geographical variations. We aimed to identify the viruses that cause infectious encephalitis in Sri Lanka, which represents a South Asian population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 99 patients with encephalitis/meningoencephalitis admitted to two tertiary-care hospitals in Colombo. Cerebrosp...

The development of encephalitis presents a dilemma to the clinician as during the early stages, when treatment would be most effective, the symptoms can be nonspecific with a broad differential. Imaging tests (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging and computed axial tomography scan), blood and urine tests as well as lumbar puncture are used to isolate and identify viruses, and together with careful a...

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a group of central nervous system (CNS) disorders caused by a wide range of viruses, bacteria, fungi, chemicals and toxins. It is important to distinguish between various forms of infectious encephalitis with similar clinical manifestations in order to ensure specific and accurate...

The incidence of encephalomyelitis in association with acute specific fevers and prophylactic inoculations is discussed. Available statistics are inaccurate, but these conditions are of considerable importance -it is likely that there are about 400 cases of measles encephalitis in England and Wales in an epidemic year. The pathology of these neurological complications is discussed and emphasis ...

PURPOSE To assess the usefulness of fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) MR sequences in the diagnosis of intracranial infectious diseases. METHODS We compared fast FLAIR images with conventional spin-echo images (T1- and T2-weighted) obtained in 20 patients with infectious diseases (six with encephalitis, five with brain abscesses, three with meningitis, two with meningoencephali...

Lethargic encephalitis is an epidemic disease, the main manifestations of which relate to injury inflicted upon the central nervous system and in particular the basal ganglia of the brain. Poliomyelitis is an epidemic disease, the main manifestations of which relate to injury inflicted upon the central nervous system and in particular the gray matter of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. At...

When there are inflammatory cells within the brain, spinal cord or meninges then the terms encephalitis, myelitis, and meningitis are used, respectively. When inflammation is in more than one area the terms are combined like with meningoencephalomyelitis. The inflammation in these cases if most often from a non-infectious, unknown etiology and therefore called meningoencephalomyelitis of unknow...