Cereal grains play a pivotal role in the rise and character of the Indus civilization. Archaeologists have traditionally focused their attention on the large-grained crops of wheat and barley while often minimizing the importance of the smaller-grainedmillets. Both environmental and cultural variables influence crop selection in the past as well as today. This paper explores the role and signif...

The recently discovered Indus stellar stream exhibits a diverse chemical signature compared to what is found for most other streams due the abundances of two outlier stars, Indus$\_$0 and Indus$\_$13. Indus$\_$13, an extreme enhancement in rapid neutron-capture ($r$-)process elements with $\mathrm{[Eu/Fe]} = +1.81$. It thus provides direct evidence accreted nature $r$-process enhanced stars. In...

One of the most important undeciphered scripts of the ancient world is the Indus script. Earlier studies had focused on the correlations between signs in the Indus texts using various statistical and computational techniques such as N-grams or Markov chains. In the present study, K-means clustering, an unsupervised machine learning technique is used to identify clusters of similar texts without...

Over the last several decades new sets of information have provided a more detailed understanding of the rise and character of the Indus Civilization as well as its decline and decentralization. This article begins with a summary of the major historical developments in the archaeology of the Indus Valley Tradition and a definition of terms found in the literature. A general discussion of the en...

He–Pb double dating of detrital zircons is more reliable than conventional U–Pb dating for tracing the source of detritus in sediments and can be used to constrain the percentage of recycled material in sediments. Conventional U–Pb dating can be used to constrain the provenance of sediments if the U–Pb zircon age pattern for potential source regions is known but can only be used to trace the so...

The Indus script is one of the major undeciphered scripts of the ancient world. The small size of the corpus, the absence of bilingual texts, and the lack of definite knowledge of the underlying language has frustrated efforts at decipherment since the discovery of the remains of the Indus civilization. Building on previous statistical approaches, we apply the tools of statistical language proc...