Using an in vitro model in which flatmounts of oesophagus was periodically exposed to bile acids, we demonstrate, using multiple methods, that the bile acid receptor TGR5, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and γ-histone family 2A variant (γ-H2AX) are up-regulated. This indicates that bile acids cause up-regulation of iNOS, which further causes genotoxic stress as evidenced by increase of t...

Bioconversion can enhance the functionality of efficacy. We made bioconversion material with black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and blueberry (Vaccinium crymbosum L.), using Lactobacillus plantarum (call BB). In this study, BB investigated anti-inflammatory immune-boosting effects through immune system control. Therefore, we efficacy in presence absence LPS (Lipopolysaccharide). LPS, inhibited nitric...

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a main enzyme producing nitric oxide during inflammation and thus contributes to the initiation and development of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major catechin derived from green tea, has multiple beneficial effects for treating cardiovascular disease, but the effect of EGCG on the e...

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathophysiology of gram-positive sepsis is uncertain. In inflammatory conditions, high-output NO production is catalyzed by the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The ability of 2 strains of pneumococci, pneumococcal cell wall preparations, and purified pneumococcal capsule (Pnu-Imune 23) to trigger the production of iNOS protein and NO in RAW 26...

OBJECTIVE To study the mechanisms of the antitumor and immunoregulation functions of polyporus polysaccharide (PPS). METHODS The production of nitric oxide (NO), the activity and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in peritoneal macrophages of mice administered with different dose of PPS were observed by Griess reaction, fluorimetry assay and RT-PCR, respectively. RESU...

Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the 10 smallest molecules found in nature. It is a simple gaseous free radical whose predominant functions is that of a messenger through cGMP. In mammals, NO is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of which there are three isoforms. Neuronal (nNOS, NOS1) and endothelial (eNOS, NOS3) are constitutive calcium-dependent forms of the enzyme that regulat...

Poly (ADP-ribose) synthase or polymerase (PARS and PARP, respectively) is a cytotoxic enzyme which causes cellular damage. Nicotinamide, a compound of vitamin B complex, has been reported to exert an inhibitory effect on PARS or PARP. The present study tests the effects of nicotinamide on acute lung injury and associated alterations following ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the isolated perfused...

reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ros/rns) play a crucial role in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) exacerbating the chronic inflammatory process. endogenous and diet antioxidants can neutralize these compounds. the apple is widely consumed, with several antioxidant activity compounds. the present study evaluated the effects of concentrated apple extract (cae) in acetic acid induced colitis....

Development of ulcerative colitis was accompanied by the activation of iNOS/COX-2/5-LOX and increased contents of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), and leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄). The following information was assessed: morphological changes, activity of nitric oxide-synthase, content of nitric oxide, and indexes of lipoperoxidation processes in the mucous membrane of the large intestine (...

During cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the septic patient has markedly decreased peripheral vascular resistance as a consequence of endotoxin release from microorganisms. This decrease in peripheral vascular resistance is the result of endotoxin-induced nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). iNOS and eNOS are responsible ...