Abstract. In March 2020, non-pharmaceutical intervention measures in the form of lockdowns were applied across Europe to urgently reduce transmission severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), virus which causes COVID-19 disease. The aggressive curtailing European economy had widespread impacts on atmospheric composition, particularly for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3)...

Salt pollution and human-accelerated weathering are shifting the chemical composition of major ions in fresh water and increasing salinization and alkalinization across North America. We propose a concept, the freshwater salinization syndrome, which links salinization and alkalinization processes. This syndrome manifests as concurrent trends in specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, and base cat...

The effect of air pollution on chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) was examined in a study in the New York metropolitan area in 1972. Four study communities, sites A, B, C and D, were selected for the similarity of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Historically, these communities represented an increasing gradient of air pollution levels. However, after air quality improvement in th...

coronary artery disease is one of the main causes of mortality in most developed countries. there is also an increasing rate of mortality in developing countries where in addition to coronary artery disease, infection diseases still not have been controlled. although, now a day coronary artery disease is responsible for half of deaths in developed countries, this regrettable event is increasing...

Relevant implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive with regard to mine water pollution of downstream water bodies requires pressure-impact assessment and catchment-scale economic optimisation of abatement measures. However, pressure-impact assessment is bound to be uncertain. This is because mine water pollution is often an unknown combination of pollution loads, from both known mine w...

Air pollution is overflowing in big cities, especially in areas where pollution sources and the human population are concentrated. Economic growth and industrialization caused the increasing emissions of air polluting. Then, the quantities of polluting have increased dramatically; the evaluation of a suitable method for predicting and monitoring the pollution will be very important. To prevent ...

Since the 1980's, measures mitigating the impact of transboundary air pollution have been implemented successfully as evidenced in the 1980-2014 record of atmospheric sulphur pollution over the NE-Atlantic, a key region for monitoring background northern-hemisphere pollution levels. The record reveals a 72-79% reduction in annual-average airborne sulphur pollution (SO4 and SO2, respectively) ov...

Network coding has gained wide attention nowadays for its significant advantages on many aspects compared with traditional routing mechanism. However, if there are malicious nodes launching pollution attacks by tampering or forging data packets in the communication network, the sink nodes will suffer from failure decoding, together with serious results such as bandwidth wasting, longer transmis...

Light pollution and its consequences on ecosystems are increasing worldwide. Knowledge on the threshold levels of light pollution at which significant ecological impacts emerge and the size of dark refuges to maintain natural nocturnal processes is crucial to mitigate its negative consequences. Seabird fledglings are attracted by artificial lights when they leave their nest at night, causing hi...

When a regulator cannot observe or infer individual emissions, corrective policy must rely on ambient pollution data. Assuming this kind of environment, we study a class of differential games of pollution control with profit functions that are polynomial in the global pollution stock. Given an open-loop emissions strategy satisfying mild regularity conditions, an ambient transfer scheme is exhi...