T effects of landscape context on habitat quality are receiving increased attention in conservation biology. The objective of this research is to demonstrate a landscape-level approach to mapping and evaluating the anthropogenic risks of grassland and forest habitat degradation by examining habitat context as defined by intensive anthropogenic land uses at multiple spatial scales. A landscape m...

Increasing attention is being paid to estuarine benthic community conservation and restoration globally. In this study, a GIS-based habitat suitability index (HSI) model was utilized to estimate Perinereis aibuhitensis (Grube, 1878) carrying capacity in estuarine wetlands of the Zhimai River, eastern China. Eight parameters were investigated, including sand content, salinity, pH, and petroleum ...

Small dams are ubiquitous yet poorly understood features in many streams. Dam removal is being used increasingly in stream restoration projects as a means to enhance habitat connectivity and ecosystem function. However, habitatand assemblage-level effects of small dams on stream mollusk assemblages are poorly documented. We examined associations between stream physicochemical habitat variables ...

Many large, fishery-targeted predatory species have attained very high relative densities as a direct result of protection by no-take marine reserves. Indirect effects, via interactions with targeted species, may also occur for species that are not themselves targeted by fishing. In some temperate rocky reef ecosystems, indirect effects have caused profound changes in community structure, notab...

This paper traces the historical development of kanji, the Chinese characters used in the Japanese orthographic system. The paper outlines the structural principles which underlie their composition, both in respect to single kanji and to their combination in compound words. Discussion also pays attention to their usage and frequency, as well as to the various script reforms that have affected t...