Infrared spectroscopy is study of the interaction of radiation with molecular vibrations which can be used for a wide range of sample types either in bulk or in microscopic amounts over a wide range of temperatures and physical states. As was discussed in the previous chapters, an infrared spectrum is commonly obtained by passing infrared radiation through a sample and determining what fraction...

Under the light of recent developments of the theory of matter-radiation interaction in the presence of magnetic field applied to non-LTE spectropolarimetry in astrophysics, we have revisited the theory of anisotropic resonance line scattering in moving media by means of the density-matrix formulation. This has led us to present a theoretical method of determination of the matter velocity field...

Introduction: Unwanted exposure of ionizing radiation may result in carcinogenesis, cell mutations, and organ failure. High-atomic number elements such as lead, tungsten, bismuth have been traditionally used for radiation protection. Theoretical and practical studies have shown that a variety of shielding materials e.g. polymer composites (PCs) can be used for attenuation of th...

A silicon photodiode coated with an interface-engineered Mo/Si multilayer was developed as a polarization sensitive detector. The Mo/B4C/Si multilayer was designed to reflect 13.5-nm extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) radiation at an incident angle of 45 degrees, at which the maximum polarization sensitivity occurs. The sensitivity of this specially coated photodiode and its polarization responses were ...

A new type of infrared imaging bolometer, known as the infrared imaging video bolometer ~IRVB! has been under development at the National Institute of Fusion Science ~NIFS! over the last year. A prototype of this diagnostic has been designed and constructed at NIFS and installed on the large helical device ~LHD! and successfully operated. This diagnostic utilizes a 6639030.001 mm gold foil moun...

We show that atomic alignment presents a reliable way to study topology of astrophysical magnetic fields. The effect of atomic alignment arises from modulation of the relative population of the sublevels of atomic ground state pumped by anisotropic radiation flux. As such aligned atoms precess in the external magnetic field and this affects the properties of the polarized radiation arising from...

We present a reformulation of the Bristow±Campbell model for daily solar radiation, developed using daily observations of radiation, temperature, humidity, and precipitation, from 40 stations in contrasting climates. By expanding the original model to include a spatially and temporally variable estimate of clear-sky transmittance, and applying a small number of other minor modi®cations, the new...

background: the advantages of proton beam in radiation therapy- like small lateral scattering as well as absence of exit dose tail in the organs which are after the tumor- make it capable of delivering more treatment doses to the target and much lesser to the critical tissues near it. materials and methods: in this study, the monte carlo mcnpx code has been used to simulate a slab head phantom ...

The operator form of the generalized optical theorem (OT) obtained earlier for scalar wave equation is extended to case electromagnetic radiation, as well other equations. It shown that in transition from usual OT, instead "forward" scattering amplitude, diagonal matrix element T-scattering corresponding incident appears. transitions known forms OT following special cases are ...