o bjectives: to determine the epidemiological aspect of mucormycosis, the nature of malignancies complicated by mucormycosis, the initial site of involvement and the subsequent outcome. m e thods: this was a cross-sectional study which was performed by reviewing the medical records of 95 patients with leukemia complicated with biopsy-proven mucormycosis admitted to the educational hospitals aff...

Insecticide resistance might reduce the efficacy of malaria vector control. In 2013 and 2014, malaria vectors from 50 villages, of varying pyrethroid resistance, in western Kenya were assayed for resistance to deltamethrin. Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLIN) were distributed to households at universal coverage. Children were recruited into 2 cohorts, cleared of malaria-causing parasit...

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe complication of tuberculosis and occurs mainly during early childhood. The incidence rate of TBM varies with season, and serum vitamin D levels, which are dependent on sunlight, might play a role. We studied the association between TBM incidence rate and hours of sunshine in Cape Town, South Africa and found a significant association between the incidenc...

Puerperal mastitis is a potentially serious illness among lactating women which traditionally has been thought to be associated with primiparity, stress, improper nursing technique, and incomplete emptying of the breast. However, none of these putative associations has been examined analytically in recent years. Further, the incidence of mastitis in the United States has not been estimated sinc...

To the Editor: Incidence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease (PNTMD) is reportedly increasing globally (1,2). Although such an increase is expected in Japan (3,4), the epidemiologic situation is unclear. The most recent survey, which used the 1997 American Thoracic Society diagnostic criteria, reported that the incidence rate for PNTMD in 2007 was 5.7 cases per 100,000 personyears...

In a recent article, Polakowski et al. (1) presented interesting results related to the association between monovalent H1N1 influenza vaccination and risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome. They found an incidence rate ratio of 2.41 (95% confidence interval: 1.14, 5.11). In their sensitivity analysis, which used a stricter definition of Guillain-Barré syndrome (exclusion of 3 out of 29 cases), the cor...

Objectives. We compared venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis practices and incidence in critically ill cirrhotic versus noncirrhotic patients and evaluated cirrhosis as a VTE risk factor. Methods. A cohort of 798 critically ill patients followed for the development of clinically detected VTE were categorized according to the diagnosis of cirrhosis. VTE prophylaxis practices and incidence we...

BACKGROUND HIV-1 control in sub-Saharan Africa requires cost-effective and sustainable programmes that promote behaviour change and reduce cofactor sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at the population and individual levels. METHODS AND FINDINGS We measured the feasibility of community-based peer education, free condom distribution, income-generating projects, and clinic-based STI treatmen...

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma possesses a notable sex difference in incidence, and a protective role of estrogens has been hypothesized. METHODS Using data from 13 cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, we describe the age-specific sex difference in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States during 1992-2013. We used a curve fit...