Children's responses to environmental toxicants will be affected by the way in which their systems absorb, distribute, metabolize, and excrete chemicals. These toxicokinetic factors vary during development, from in utero where maternal and placental processes play a large role, to the neonate in which emerging metabolism and clearance pathways are key determinants. Toxicokinetic differences bet...

Abstract Introduction: This is the second of two papers giving an overview use Monte-Carlo techniques for radiotherapy applications. Methods: The first paper gave introduction and introduced some codes that are available to user wishing model different aspects treatment. It also aims serve as a useful companion curated collection on have been published in this journal. Results Conclusions: focu...

We previously demonstrated the importance of the surface area burden as the key dose metric in the elicitation of inflammation in rat lungs by low-solubility, low-toxicity particles (LSLTP). We have now explored the dosimetry of LSLTP in vitro using epithelial cell interleukin (IL)-8 gene expression as a surrogate for potential of particles to cause inflammation. The proximal alveolar region (P...

The paper is devoted to review of development and application of EPR dosimetry with teeth in Ukraine. It deals with specific features of the EPR dosimetry protocol, which was developed and is practically used in SCRM for retrospective dosimetry of clean-up workers (liquidators). Extensive methodological research was conducted in SCRM in order to develop an original version of EPR dosimetric pro...

Introduction: Use of SPECT/CT data is the most accurate method for patient-specific internal dosimetry when isotopes emit single gamma rays. The manual or semi-automatic segmentation of organs is a major obstacle that slows down and limits the patient-specific dosimetry. Using digital phantoms that mimic patient’s anatomy can bypass the segmentation step and facilitate the dosi...

Several national and international organizations have developed various types and levels of external audits for radiotherapy dosimetry, either based on on-site review visits or using mailed dosimetry systems. Three major TLD (thermoluminescent dosimetry) networks make available postal dose audits to a large number of radiotherapy centres on a regular basis. These are the IAEA/WHO TLD postal dos...