purpose : to investigate the application of mitomycin-c 0.02% (mmc) in the photorefractive keratectomy (prk) procedure in correcting regressed myopia methods : eighteen eyes of 11 patients with a spherical equivalent (se) of less than -5 diopters (d) who had undergone laser in situ keratomileusis (lasik) more than 2 years before were operated on. at the end of the prk procedure, mmc was applied...

background:breast cancer remains the most common and second lethal cancer in females. her-2/neu is one of the most important amplified oncogene in breast cancer. the amplification of her-2 is correlated with decreased survival, metastasis, and early recurrence.  the amplification of her-2/neu gene and synthesis of the protein are reported in 10%-34% of breast cancer cases associated with tumor ...

background the incidence rate of gastric cancer in western countries has shown a remarkable decline in the recent years while it is still the most common cancer among males in iran. the proto-oncogene myc, located at 8q24.1, regulates almost 15% of human genes and is activated in 20% of all tumors. the amplification of myc and overexpression of its protein product are observed in 15 - 30% of ga...

in this study, doxycycline hyclate release behavior from in situ forming drug delivery systems investigated. these systems based on poly()lactide-co-glycolide)(50:50 dissolved in n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone that were evaluated in different concentrations. these systems are useful for local treatment of periodontal diseases. uv spectroscopy is used to determine drug concentration in release medium. a...

In studying of the in situ gravitational concentration process part feature for placer, the technological ability to transform the in situ massif placer structure is evident. The two main processes involved in altering the massif in situ have been examined and outlined in detail. The in situ disintegration of massif material results in a new massif gravitational stratification structure. Regula...

A novel quantitative PCR (QPCR) approach, which combines competitive PCR with constant-denaturant capillary electrophoresis (CDCE), was adapted for enumerating microbial cells in environmental samples using the marine nanoflagellate Cafeteria roenbergensis as a model organism. Competitive PCR has been used successfully for quantification of DNA in environmental samples. However, this technique ...

A DNA fiber-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (fiber-FISH) technique was developed to analyze the structure and organization of a large number of intact chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) molecules from Arabidopsis, tobacco, and pea. Using this cytogenomic approach, we determined that 25 to 45% of the cpDNA within developing leaf tissue consists of circular molecules. Both linear and circular DNA f...

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) contain membrane-bound magnetic iron minerals and are globally abundant in the suboxic/anoxic portions of chemically stratified marine and freshwater environments. However, their population dynamics and potential quantitative contribution to the biogeochemical cycles that they influence (iron, sulfur, carbon) have not been previously considered. Here we report the f...

Microinjection of DNA constructs into fertilized mouse oocytes typically results in random transgene integration at a single genomic locus. The resulting transgenic founders can be used to establish hemizygous transgenic mouse lines. However, practical and experimental reasons often require that such lines be bred to homozygosity. Transgene zygosity can be determined by progeny testing assays w...