Before setting off on a holiday, particularly of the adventurous kind, it is vital to obtain appropriate medical advice to ensure a safe trip. However there are concerns that this need is not being adequately met. In this comment, Irmgard Bauer from James Cook University, Australia, discusses where travel medicine is failing and what can be done about it, in the context of her recent observatio...

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Introduction: The number of travellers from Greece who travel to sub-Saharan Africa has increased during the last decade. Our aim in this research was to study vaccination patterns for travellers travelling to sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2011 until December 2014 in all (57) public health departments in Gr...

If and when sustained human-to-human transmission of H5N1 becomes a reality, the world will no longer be dealing with sporadic avian flu borne along migratory flight paths of birds, but aviation flu - winged at subsonic speed along commercial air conduits to every corner of planet Earth. Given that air transportation is the one feature that most differentiates present day transmission scenarios...

In this paper we estimate the relationship between road capacity and vehicle miles of travel (VMT) from a sample of 12,000 respondents from 48 urban areas in the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS). Our approach seeks to account for the effects of residential location, employment location, and commute mode choice in estimating the effect of capacity on VMT. VMT is found to be ...

1 In this paper, the necessity for treating intra-household correlation is investigated by analyzing 2 two travel behavior indices, i.e. travel time and travel distance, for three important travel motives 3 (commuting, shopping, and leisure). Data stemming from the 2010 Belgian National Household 4 Travel Survey are used in the analysis. Two model approaches that accommodate for intra5 househol...

In this paper we investigate how attitudes to health and exercise in connection with cycling influence the estimation of values of travel time savings in different kinds of bicycle environments (mixed traffic, bicycle lane in the road way, bicycle path next to the road, and bicycle path not in connection with the road). The results, based on two Swedish stated choice studies, suggest that the v...

The delay costs of traffic disruptions and congestion and the value of travel time reliability are typically evaluated using single trip scheduling models, which treat the trip in isolation of previous and subsequent trips and activities. In practice, however, when activity scheduling to some extent is flexible, the impact of delay on one trip will depend on the actual and predicted travel time...

International travel may be a source of introduction of tuberculosis into low-incidence countries. We assessed whether, in The Netherlands, sensitivity to tuberculin was associated with a history of travel to countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis. Immunocompetent adults with no history of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination or sensitivity to tuberculin were skin-tested simultaneously ...

We present a case study of a multimodal routing system that takes into account both dynamic and stochastic travel time information. A multimodal network model is presented that makes it possible to model the travel time information of each transportation mode differently. This travel time information can either be static or dynamic, or either deterministic or stochastic. Next to this, a Dijkstr...