The regulation of the immune system is controlled by many cell surface receptors. A prominent representative is the 'molecular switch' HVEM (herpes virus entry mediator) that can activate either proinflammatory or inhibitory signaling pathways. HVEM ligands belong to two distinct families: the TNF-related cytokines LIGHT and lymphotoxin-α, and the Ig-related membrane proteins BTLA and CD160. HV...

indolemine 2, 3-dioxygenase (ido) is a cytosolic monomeric hemoprotein enzyme that catalyses tryptophan, the least available essential amino acid in the human body, to n-formylkynurenine, which in turn rapidly degrades to give kynurenine. ido is expressed in different tissues, especially and prominently in some subsets of antigen presenting cells (apcs) of lymphoid organs and also in the placen...

Historically viewed in isolation as an odd, rare, and invariably fatal blood disease, aplastic anemia is now of substantial interest for its immune pathophysiology, its relationship to constitutional BM failure syndromes and leukemia, and the success of both stem cell transplantation and immunosuppressive therapies in dramatically improving survival of patients. Once relegated to a few presenta...

The main obstacle to viral vector-mediated gene therapy remains the elicitation of an immune response to the vector, resulting in clearance of transgene and resistance to further transgenesis. Specific antibody production contributes to such immune responses. A single class II-restricted epitope of adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vector hexon-6 capsid protein containing a thiol-oxidoreductase motif...

We demonstrated that the levels of enzymes responsible for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) such as glutathione synthase (GSS), glutamate-cysteine ligase-catalytic subunit (GCLC), and glutathione reductase (GSR) were significantly reduced in the red blood cells (RBCs) isolated from individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and this reduction correlated with decreased level...

Various approaches from different fields have been proposed to improve the security of computer system. One such approach is Intrusion detection system monitors computer system in real-time for activities indicating attempted or actual access by unauthorised users. To build an effective intrusion detection system many techniques are available which gathers and analyze information from different...

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) are improving the survival of cancer patients, however only the 20-30% of treated patients present clinical benefits. Toxicity represents the major cause of reduced dosage, delayed drug administration and therapy discontinuation. Hence in the context of multiple treatment possibilities, the identification of predictive markers of response and toxicity is a ch...

The clonal selection mechanism and vaccination strategy of immune system are introduced into particle swarm optimization algorithm in this paper, in order to enhance the ability of global exploration of PSO, avoiding getting into local optimum and improving the accuracy and convergence speed of BP networks. The global Cauchy mutation operator and local Gauss mutation operator are used to improv...

Kolmogorov complexity has proven to be a very useful tool in simplifying and improving proofs that use complicated combinatorial arguments. In this paper we use Kolmogorov complexity for oracle construction. We obtain separation results that are much stronger than separations obtained previously even with the use of very complicated combinatorial arguments. Moreover the use of Kolmogorov argume...

Using nutrition to increase a cow’s defense against infection has been a recent area of research. Vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin E, selenium, copper, and zinc, when properly supplemented, can enhance a cow’s immunity against diseases, such as mastitis, by increasing resistance to infections and by decreasing severity of infections when they do occur. This publication addresses the role ...