National and international pressure is growing for public policies and programmes to be prospectively evaluated to determine what their impacts will be on public health. This is evident from statements from bodies including the WHO, 1 the European Union, 2 and the British Medical Association 3 and may be seen as a natural development of evidence-based principles that are currently being applied...

BACKGROUND Transport and its links to health and health inequalities suggest that it is important to assess both the direct and unintended indirect health and related impacts of transport initiatives and policies. Health Impact Assessment (HIA) provides a framework to assess the possible health impacts of interventions such as transport. Policymakers and practitioners need access to well conduc...

The nonlocal enhancement in the velocities of charge carriers to ionization is shown to outweigh the opposing effects of dead space, increasing the avalanche speed of short avalanche photodiodes (APDs) over the predictions of a conventional local model which ignores both of these effects. The trends in the measured gain–bandwidth product of two short InAlAs APDs reported in the literature suppo...

BACKGROUND Thomson Institute for Scientific Information's journal impact factor, the most common measure of journal status, is based on crude citation counts that do not account for the quality of the journals where the citations originate. This study examines how accounting for citation origin affects the impact factor ranking of dermatology journals. METHODS The 2003 impact factors of derma...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to measure the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) after maxillary sinus augmentation to determine the physical and psychological impact of this procedure for the patient. METHODS Three hundred sixteen patients treated with an external or internal maxillary sinus augmentation and a total of 863 implants in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial ...

BACKGROUND Health impact assessments (HIA) of policies and projects are conducted differently in different contexts although there has been less HIA research to date in non-western countries. Global HIA research has however suggested that the technical conduct of HIAs is tied to broader conditions and influences to do with decision making and policy development. This study was conducted to deve...

C. William McCurdy, Daniel A. Horner, and Thomas N. Rescigno Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Computing Sciences, Berkeley, California 94720 Department of Applied Science, University of California–Davis, Livermore, California 94551 Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physics and Advanced Technologies, Liverm...

We consider a modiied time-dependent van Roosbroeck system with saturating velocities and a source term subject to assumptions designed to permit a standard generation term corresponding to impact ionization. This is then a nonlinear parabolic system with a right hand side of the form S = S(:; u;ru;E), coupled with the map L : u 7 ! E deened by the Poisson equation at each t. The analysis leads...

BACKGROUND Fatigue, a major cause of disability in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), is associated with reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of the Persian version of Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) in Iranian patients with MS. METHODS This study included 15 subjects with clinically definite MS, 15 hospitalized patient...