The advent of improved immunosuppression and enhanced allograft outcomes has resulted in a growing number of patients taking expensive immunosuppression medications for the rest of their lives. Healthcare costs for the majority of transplantation procedures in the USA currently are covered by Medicare, but coverage ends for outpatient immunosuppression medications 36-44 months after transplanta...

An increasing number of immunocompromised individuals are pursuing international travel, and a better understanding of their international travel patterns and pretravel health care is needed. We evaluated the clinical features, itineraries, and pretravel health care of 486 immunocompromised international travelers seen at Global TravEpiNet sites from January 2009 to June 2012. We used bivariate...

Premature pediatric patients who previously received a multivisceral organ transplant and subsequently present for nontransplant surgery will offer multiple challenges to the anesthesia practitioner caring for the patient during the operative period. Multivisceral organ transplant is a treatment option for patients with irreversible intestinal and hepatic failure. Physiologic complications of t...

Abstract Background Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized in multiple sclerosis, even the early phase of disease. Multiple sclerosis patients with mild cognitive deficits may experience greater difficulties social contact and daily activities, irrespective physical handicap. This study aimed to estimate clinical predictors a sample Egyptian people MS. Results Significant worse perfor...

Abstract Human babesiosis cases are emerging with an increased incidence and a wider geographic range worldwide. Relapsing becoming more frequently encountered in clinical practice associated the use of immunosuppressive medications. The 2020 Infectious Diseases Society America guidelines recommends at least 6 weeks antimicrobial treatment for highly immunocompromised patients Babesia microti i...

OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence indicates that the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Little is known about the epidemiology of HZ in patients with RA in Asia. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and outcomes of HZ among patients with RA. DESIGN A case-control study. SETTING A medical centre in Asia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 9025 newly di...

asthma is a heterogeneous disease, in which asthmatic patients present with different clinical phenotypes, variable endotypes, and different response to asthma medicines. thus, we are faced with an asthma paradox; asthma is diagnosed subjectively by clinical history and treated with biologically active drugs. to solve this paradox, we need objective airway biomarkers to tailor the proper medica...

As we enter the millennium, the most widely acknowledged advancement in transplantation has been the development of more selective and potent immunosuppressive agents. In the early period of transplantation, the selection of maintenance immunosuppression was limited to the combination of azathioprine and corticosteroids. Unfortunately, these agents were relatively non-specific and ineffective a...

BACKGROUND Opportunistic invasive fungal infections (OIFIs) occur in dogs administered immunosuppressive medications. However, the epidemiology of OIFIs among dogs undergoing immunosuppressive treatment is poorly understood. The aims of this study were to (1) estimate the incidence of OIFIs among dogs diagnosed with certain immune-mediated diseases and treated with immunosuppressive drugs, and ...

introduction and aims: impact of treatment on progression of fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis (aih) is unknown. we assessed the changes in liver fibrosis before and after treatment among these patients. materials and methods: nineteen aih patients who had paired liver biopsies were studied. of these, seven had been treated with 6 months of cyclosporine-a and the rest with 6 months of prednisolo...