in this article, we propose and analyze a computational method for numerical solution of general two point boundary value problems. method is tested on problems to ensure the computational eciency. we have compared numerical results with results obtained by other method in literature. we conclude that propose method is computationally ecient and eective.

The high recovery performance of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) makes it a popular option for heavy oil resources. Currently, most the reservoirs developed by SAGD in China are late development phase, with energy consumption due to reduced thermal ef?ciency. use wind-down processes involving CO2 combination steam is considered as viable alternative limit consumption, and also reduce amo...

Electoral agency models suggest that government effi ciency is better when voters penalize poor performance, and party competition is balanced. Uncertainty in the electoral mechanism dillutes the incentive to produce effi ciently. We test this proposition on panel data on local governments. The dataset includes a broad set of indicators on service output and quality, which facilitates the measu...

The use of incentive regulation and other alternative regulatory programs in U.S. electricity markets has grown during the past two decades. Within a stochastic frontier framework, I investigate the effect of individual programs on the technical efŽ ciency of a large set of coal and natural gas generation units. I Ž nd that those programs tied directly to generator performance and those that mo...

We consider the problem of randomly assigning n indivisible objects to n agents. Recent research introduced a promising mechanism, the probabilistic serial that has superior e¢ ciency properties than the most common real-life mechanism random priroity. On the other hand, mechanisms based on Gale’s celebrated top trading cycles method have long dominated the indivisible goods literature (with th...

Many tissues in the body have vitamin D receptors. Maintenance of adequate vitamin D serum levels has been linked to a variety of health benefi ts. Vitamin D defi ciency, defi ned as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level 20 ng/mL, is becoming a common issue as our population ages and sun exposure is minimized. Vitamin D defi ciency can lead to osteoporosis, muscle weakness, and increased risk of fa...

Despite some empirical evidence to the contrary, government subsidies to higher education are usually presumed to be inequitable because college-educated workers earn more than less educated workers. Using a simple model of educational choice with endogenous wages and two worker types, I obtain strong results concerning this conflict between effi ciency and equity —namely that equity and effi c...

O¢ cial Development Aid ‡ows are volatile, non-predictable and, also, nontransparent. All these features give rise to asymmetric information about the amount of aid ‡ows received by developing countries. This article uses a political economy model of rent extraction to show how this asymmetry (i) encourages rent extraction by kleptocratic regimes, thus reducing aid e¢ ciency, and (ii) increases...

In solar cells, internal quantum effi ciency (IQE) is the ratio of the number of charge carriers extracted from the cell to the number of photons absorbed in the active layer. Because IQE measurements normalize the current generation effi ciency by the light absorption effi ciency, they separate electronic properties from optical properties and provide useful information about the electrical pr...

This paper studies how information disclosure a ects investment e ciency and investor welfare in a dynamic setting in which a rm makes sequential investments to adjust its capital stock over time. We show that the e ects of accounting disclosures on investment e ciency and investor welfare crucially depend on whether such disclosures convey information about the rm's future capital stock or abo...