The austenitic stainless steel was coated by dipping into a molten Al-12.4%Si alloy at 765oC. The effect of immersion times in the range of 60 to 900 s was investigated with respect to the phase nature, thickness, and microhardness. An uniform layer (~12 m) of Al12(Fe,Cr)3Si2 intermetallic with hexagonal crystalline structure is formed, irrespectively the immersion time. Microhardness of the c...

BACKGROUND Immersion in water during labour is an important non-pharmacological method to manage labour pain, particularly in midwifery-led care settings where pharmacological methods are limited. This study investigates the association between immersion for pain relief and transfer before birth and other maternal outcomes. METHODS A prospective cohort study of 16,577 low risk nulliparous wom...

This paper investigates the hygrothermal effects on the failure mechanisms in bending of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Accelerated diffusion testing was carried out by immersion at 50°C constant temperature and 70 bar hydrostatic pressure to study the effects of fresh or sea water diffusion into pre-preg CFRP laminates. Consequently the composite laminates were tested in be...

Liquid immersion lithography (LIL) extends the resolution of optical lithography to meet industry demands into the next decade. Through the use of exposure media such as purified water (n of 1.44 at 193 nm), it is possible to reduce minimum pitches compared with traditional air/vacuum exposures media by a factor of as much as 44%—a full technology node. Beyond this simple observation, there is ...

Advances in various areas such as graphics, sound, physics and artificial intelligence have improved the level of player immersion into the gaming environment significantly over the years. However, current game controller systems do not fully facilitate natural bodily motions in an accurate and responsive manner, which may affect player immersion within a gaming environment. This paper presents...

It is commonly believed, but not proven, that virtual reality attains its power by captivating the user's attention to induce a sense of immersion [1] and presence [2]. This is what sets virtual reality apart from other interface metaphors. However, both these terms have been liberally used to varying degrees within the virtual reality literature. This paper attempts to step back from the techn...

Immersion interferometric lithography has been applied successfully to semiconductor device applications, but its potential is not limited to this application only. This paper explores this imaging technology for the production of threedimensional nano-structures using a 193 nm excimer laser and immersion Talbot interferometric lithographic tool. The fabrication of 3-D photonic crystals for the...

This article reviews research in the fields of psychology, literature, communication, human-computer interaction, public health, and consumer behavior on narrative and its potential relationships with videogames and story immersion. It also reviews a narrative's role in complementing behavioral change theories and the potential of story immersion for health promotion through videogames. Videoga...

1. This study was designed to evaluate variations in plasma beta-endorphin, methionine-enkephalin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and serum prolactin in healthy volunteers during head-out water immersion. 2. Water immersion induced an increase in methionine-enkephalin plasma levels, which was associated with a significant fall in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. 3. Conversely, a suppression ...

PURPOSE To assess the effect that postexercise immersion in water has on subsequent exercise performance. METHODS A literary search and review of water-immersion and performance studies was conducted. RESULTS Seven articles were examined. In 2, significant benefits to performance were observed. Those 2 articles revealed a small to large effect on jump performance and isometric strength. PRA...