there are various ethical approaches in the history of philosophy. beauchamp and childress introduced four basic principles which were acceptable in all communities: beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy and jus­tice. yusuf khass hajib is the first author of the islamic turkish literature whose work was found out. this study aims to reveal the existence of four principles of bioeth...

dara' rule changes in islamic penal code with the modern penology teachings approach keyvan heidar nejad [1] fatemeh ahadi [2] seyyed abulfazl mirjafar pour [3]   abstract:                        dara' is one of the rules that is derived from figh. the rule indicates that by proving doubt or hesitancy at the time of committing crime, the offence cannot be proved. in the former penal c...

Designing an effective criterion for selecting the best rule is a major problem in theprocess of implementing Fuzzy Learning Classifier (FLC) systems. Conventionally confidenceand support or combined measures of these are used as criteria for fuzzy rule evaluation. In thispaper new entities namely precision and recall from the field of Information Retrieval (IR)systems is adapted as alternative...