is one of the commonest symptoms general surgeons are asked to evaluate. Apart from classical appendicitis, the differential diagnosis includes conditions confined to the appendix, such as cystadenoma or carcinoid, and those separate from the appendix, such as ruptured ovarian cyst, cecal diverticulitis, Crohn’s disease and other causes of terminal ileitis. Torsion of the epiploic appendix (app...

Incidence Non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases are those for which there is no discernible aetiological agent. The two most important of these diseases affecting the large bowel are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Ulcerative colitis is always confined to the large bowel, although a few centimetres of the terminal ileum may be affected by "backwash" ileitis. On the other hand, Crohn'...

Abstract The accumulation of locally-reabsorbed bile acids (BAs) is suggested to contribute the development terminal ileitis. Our previous data showed nuclear receptor Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) can directs T cell adaptation BAs in ileum by promoting IL-10 producing Tr1 cells prevent Still, mechanisms which BA activate CAR ileal not known. As recognized as a sensor, its activation m...

Spontaneous intestinal perforation is a rare extrapulmonary manifestations of critical COVID-19 case. The pathogenesis viral etiology still unclear and association to some essential therapeutic treatment such as steroid or interleukin-9 antagonist also inconclusive. Surgery not mandatory If source control sepsis can be accomplished with available interventions reported in current literatures. T...

The efficacy of capecitabine as adjuvant therapy in colon cancer is well demonstrated and its lower toxicity rates when compared with 5-FU make it an increasingly more favourable option for patients. This case highlights the awareness of a potentially severe side effect related to the use of capecitabine, yet through the early identification of symptoms patients can be managed conservatively.

Despite the advances in vascular surgery and intensive care management, the mortality rate from acute intestinal ischaemia has not improved over the years."2 The advanced age of the patients, the toxic nature of bowel contents and co-existent cardiovascular disease may explain the high mortality rate; the delay in making the diagnosis also may be a major factor. Since there are no reliable labo...

Nicotine is protective in ulcerative colitis but not Crohn's disease of the small intestine, but little is known about the effects of nicotine on Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced enteritis. Isolated ileal or colonic segments in anesthetized rats were pretreated with nicotine bitartrate or other pharmacological agents before intraluminal injection of toxin A. After 3 hours, the treated segm...