Objects with bilateral symmetry, such as faces, animal shapes, and many man-made objects, play an important role in everyday vision. Because they occur frequently, it is reasonable to conjecture that the brain may be specialized for symmetric objects. We investigated whether the human visual system processes three-dimensional (3D) symmetric objects more efficiently than asymmetric ones. Human s...

Tropical ideals, introduced in [12], define subschemes of tropical toric varieties. We prove that the top-dimensional parts their varieties are balanced polyhedral complexes same dimension as ideal. This means every subscheme a variety defined by ideal has an associated class Chow ring variety. A key tool proof is specialization variables yields another ideal; this plays role hyperplane section...

the minimal prime decomposition for semiprime ideals is defined and studied on z-ideals of c(x). the necessary and sufficient condition for existence of the minimal prime decomposition of a z-ideal / is given, when / satisfies one of the following conditions: (i) / is an intersection of maximal ideals. (ii) i is an intersection of o , s, when x is basically disconnected. (iii) i=o , when x x ha...

let $s$ be an ordered semigroup. a fuzzy subset of $s$ is anarbitrary mapping   from $s$ into $[0,1]$, where $[0,1]$ is theusual interval of real numbers. in this paper,  the concept of fuzzygeneralized bi-ideals of an ordered semigroup $s$ is introduced.regular ordered semigroups are characterized by means of fuzzy leftideals, fuzzy right ideals and fuzzy (generalized) bi-ideals.finally, two m...

In this paper, we draw a connection between ideal lattices and Gröbner bases in the multivariate polynomial rings over integers. We study extension of ideal lattices in Z[x]/〈f〉 (Lyubashevsky & Micciancio, 2006) to ideal lattices in Z[x1, . . . , xn]/a, the multivariate case, where f is a polynomial in Z[X] and a is an ideal in Z[x1, . . . , xn]. Ideal lattices in univariate case are interprete...

Under an explicit positivity condition, we show the first secant variety of a linearly normal smooth variety is projectively normal, give results on the regularity of the ideal of the secant variety, and give conditions on the variety that are equivalent to the secant variety being arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay. Under this same condition, we then show that if X satisfies Np+2dim(X), then the se...

Semi-device-independent random number expansion (SDI-RNE) protocols require some truly random numbers to generate fresh ones, with making no assumptions on the internal working of quantum devices except for the dimension of the Hilbert space. The generated randomness is certified by non-classical correlation in the prepare-and-measure test. Until now, the analytical relations between the amount...

We prove the following result on the universal localization of a ring R at an ideal I: If the universal localization is flat as an R-module, then R satisfies the Ore condition with respect to the multiplicative set of elements that become invertible modulo I. It is well known that for domains the converse of this result holds, and hence we have found in this case a new characterization of the O...

We study the application of a library of orthonormal bases to the reduction of correlated Gaussian noise. A joint condition on the library and the noise covariance is derived which ensures that simple thresholding in an adaptively chosen basis yields an estimation error within a logarithmic factor of the ideal risk. In the model example of a wavelet packet library and stationary noise the condi...