The phase diagram of ice is studied by a quasi-harmonic approximation. The free energy of all experimentally known ice phases has been calculated with the flexible q-TIP4P/F model of water. The only exception is the high pressure ice X, in which the presence of symmetric O−H−O bonds prevents its modeling with this empirical interatomic potential. The simplicity of our approach allows us to stud...

One advantage of dual-polarization radars is the ability to differentiate between water and ice phases in storms. The application of difference reflectivity (ZDP) in the analysis of mixed-phase precipitation is presented. Here, ZDP analysis is used to obtain the fraction of water and ice in mixed-phase precipitation. The techniques developed are applied to data collected on 9 August 1991 during...

Antif reeze protein (AFP) can inhibit ice-growth by accumulating on the surface of ice nuclei formed in nearfreezing water, and can preserve cell function under hypothermic conditions (-0 °C). The objective of this study was to develop new technologies so these properties of AFP can be applied in industry and medicine. Figure 1 compares the principles of current cryotechnology without AFP and t...

We report the detection of crystalline water ice on the surface of 2003 EL61. Reflectance spectra were collected from the Gemini North telescope in the 1.0 to 2.4 mwavelength range and from the Keck telescope across the 1.4Y 2.4 mwavelength range. The signature of crystalline water ice is obvious in all data collected. Like the surfaces of many outer solar system bodies, the surface of 2003 EL6...

New impact craters at five sites in the martian mid-latitudes excavated material from depths of decimeters that has a brightness and color indicative of water ice. Near-infrared spectra of the largest example confirm this composition, and repeated imaging showed fading over several months, as expected for sublimating ice. Thermal models of one site show that millimeters of sublimation occurred ...

Each year, the arctic sea ice edge retreats from its winter maximum extent through the Seasonal Ice Zone (SIZ) to its summer minimum extent. On some days, this retreat happens at a rapid pace, while on other days, parts of the pan-arctic ice edge hardly move for periods of days up to 1.5 weeks. We term this stationary behavior "ice edge loitering," and identify areas that are more prone to loit...

In this paper the assimilation of binary observations calculated from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of sea ice is investigated. Ice and water observations are obtained from a set of SAR images by thresholding ice and water probabilities calculated using a supervised maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). These ice and water observations are then assimilated in combination with ice concentr...

Introduction: Martian surface ice is currently observed only as polar layered deposits (PLDs), whereas Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer [1,2] and Mars Express’s radar sounder observations [3] propose the presence of much larger amount of ground ice in the midto high-latidutes. Such a ground-ice region is expected to spread over a few tenths of percent of the total Martian surface, yet the th...

Experimentally, quenching from warmer water leads to faster freezing than quenching from colder waterthe Mpemba effect. Using molecular dynamics, we find that quenching water from 370 K and above leads to a 100 K density of states (DOS) closer to that of ice than quenching from 300 K and below. Especially we find that the biggest difference is for 80−160 cm−1 which upon quenching from colder w...

Analysis of ICESat-1 data (2003-2008) shows significant surface lowering of Totten Glacier, the glacier discharging the largest volume of ice in East Antarctica, and less change on nearby Moscow University Glacier. After accounting for firn compaction anomalies, the thinning appears to coincide with fast-flowing ice indicating a dynamical origin. Here, to elucidate these observations, we apply ...