abolqasem kashani, the shi’i historian of ilkhanid era, due to the influence of new situation that appeared after abbasid caliphate’s fall and the rise of ilkhanids, offers a new historiographical perspective. he tries to avoid prejudice and by accuracy and tolerance, studies history and intends to strengthen the social and political position of the shi’is; hence he tries to present a logical d...

This Article, with a descriptive-analytical method and phenomenological approach, tries to explain the motives, solutions, and achievements of Dārā Shukūh (fl. 11th century AH) in Muslim-Hindu relations. It will also describe his ways of interaction and explain some negative reactions against his policies. Dārā Shukūh’s main motives were his special family upbringing, his chivalrous ...

woman in motran's poem -abstract this article explains the issue of woman in two fields of social and romance. in social case, motran defends the rights of woman and considers her as a human with its rights and one of the two major factors in the society. woman is a basic and essential party in building the social and even political body of the society, at motran's point of view. the ...

a reconsideration of the standpoints adopted by the islamic victory of the islamic revolution will be an attempt to evaluate our present situation and to gain a more profound view toward future standpoits. first, the manner of irans' treatment with the united front of the west is considered. the political standpoits adopted on the basis of islamic views play the crucial role which explain ...

Terry Winograd, famous for his contributions to, and later rejection of, traditional approaches to Artiicial Intelligence, maintains many philosophical views that have not yet been widely accepted in what Winograd would call thèrationalistic' community. One of the most controversial of these is his Heideggerian rejection of`realism', the ontological doctrine that objects of perception and cogni...

In this paper I will give a summary of the description of State Vector reduction using Topos Theory put forward by Isham in [1]. I will first briefly explain some mathematical concepts regarding Categories and Topoi. For a more detailed and complete explanation of the subjects of Topos and Category Theory the readers should refer to Topos-Physics and reference therein. I would like to point out...

Before an outstanding article in 1999 by Richard Holton, weakness of will was identified as an agent's action contrary to his or her better judgment, while other better choices are available. The contemporary account of weakness of will (i.e., Holton’s theory) explains it in terms of intention. Accordingly, weakness of will happens if an agent fails to stick to his or her previously formed inte...

from the ancient times, the question of god’s concept has been an ultimate concern for humankind and in recent times most of the thinkers try to answer in it from different aspects. the present article is going to consider this problem from yung's psychoanalytical point of view. following william james and sigmund freud generally, carl gustav yung has had many studies concerning psychology...

Introduction A well known microbiologist and I were talking recently about microbial diversity. He asked me, “Microbiologists are not concerned about endangered species, are we?” His attitude reflects the view of many microbiologists. Whereas botanists and zoologists, as well as the public at large, know that many plant and animal species are threatened with extinction, the question as it perta...