Self-compliance resistive random access memory (RRAM) characteristics using a W/TaO x /TiN structure are reported for the first time. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image shows an amorphous TaO x layer with a thickness of 7 nm. A thin layer of TiO x N y with a thickness of 3 nm is formed at the TaO x /TiN interface, owing to the oxygen accumulation nature of Ti. This...

Several aspects of genotype-environment interaction may act to modulate natural selection in populations that encounter variable environments. In this study the norms of reaction (phenotypic responses) of 20 cloned genotypes from two natural populations of the annual plant Polygonum persicaria were determined over a broad range of controlled light environments (8%-100% full sun). These data rev...

The culminative nature of stress has led to three common assumptions about its representation. These are (i) that it should allow for an unbounded continuum of prominence levels (the INFINITY assumption); (ii) that it should characterise prominence levels as relative to nearby weaker or stronger prominence levels, not as levels that are phonetically interpretable in isolation (the RELATIVITY as...

CD-PEB temperature experiments show that post-exposure bake (PEB) temperature non-uniformity (both in steady-state and transient phases) impacts across-wafer CD uniformity [1]. Continued improvement in CD uniformity requires across-wafer temperature uniformity for the entire PEB cycle. This poses new challenges for the design of PEB thermal modules. This paper proposes a novel PEB thermal modul...

BACKGROUND Atropine sulfate is an anticholinergic agent for treatment of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and is orally administrated as a triturate with lactose hydrate. Because of the low safety margin of atropine sulfate, triturate uniformity is a key safety factor. In this study, we assessed the uniformity of atropine sulfate in 1000-fold triturates prepared by wet mixing and dry mixing method...

The uniformity requirements of direct-drive targets are <tringent. The requirements on both sphericity and wall thickness uniformity are of the order of less than 1%. In the past, dualbeam interference microscopy has been used at LLE to characterize the wall thickness and uniformity of transparent targets.' With this technique, an interference pattern is formed between one beam that passes thro...

Imposing an extensional uniformity condition on a non-uniform circuit complexity class C means simply intersecting C with a uniform class L. By contrast, the usual intensional uniformity conditions require that a resource-bounded machine be able to exhibit the circuits in the circuit family defining C. We say that (C,L) has the Uniformity Duality Property if the extensionally uniform class C∩L ...

This report details the objectives, methodologies, and results for Phase II of the project, “Modeling and Optimization for Epitaxial Growth” (see [21] for Phase I report). This project is a joint effort between the Institute for Systems Research (ISR) and Northrop Grumman Corporation’s Electronic Sensors and Systems Sector (ESSS), Baltimore, MD. The overall objective is to improve manufacturing...

We developed a quantitative evaluation method for luminance and color uniformity on a display screen. In this paper, we report the analysis result of a viewer perception of luminance and color uniformity. In experiments, observers subjectively evaluated Mura images which were showed on the light emitting diode (LED) backlight screen by adjusting the luminance of each LED. We measured the lumina...