Prenatal hypoxia-ischemia to the developing brain has been strongly implicated in the subsequent development of the hypertonic motor deficits of cerebral palsy (CP) in premature and full-term infants who present with neonatal encephalopathy. Despite the enormous impact of CP, there is no animal model that reproduces the hypertonia and motor disturbances of this disorder. We report a rabbit mode...

Endothelial cells lining the inner blood vessel walls play a key role in the response to hypoxia, which is frequently encountered in clinical conditions such as myocardial infarction, renal ischemia and cerebral ischemia. In the present study we investigated the effects of hypoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation on gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9), their inhibitor (TIMP-2) and activato...

Acute cerebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of mortality and chronic disability. Animal models provide an essential tool for understanding the complex cellular and molecular pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemia and for testing novel neuroprotective drugs in the pre-clinical setting. In this study we tested zebrafish as a novel model for hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. We built an air-pro...

The cytokine midkine (MK) promotes tumor growth mainly by inducing angiogenesis. Here, we identified the source of MK in the vascular system under hypoxic conditions and demonstrated the relevance of MK during ischemia of normal tissue. Hypoxia increased MK protein expression in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), monocytes, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) compared wit...

Chronic hypoxia may precondition the myocardium and protect from ischemia-reperfusion damage. We therefore examined the recovery of left and right ventricular function after ischemia and reperfusion (15 min each) in isolated blood-perfused working hearts from normoxic (Norm) and hypoxic (Hypo; 14 days, 10.5% O(2)) adult rats. In addition, the mRNA expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a...

Abstract Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is often used in cardiothoracic surgery because its nonphysiological state causes pathophysiological changes the body, causing multiorgan and multitissue damage to varying degrees. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) a common central nervous system complication after cardiac surgery. The etiology mechanism of POCD are not clear. Neuroinflammation, br...

Tissue hypoxia has been demonstrated, in both the renal cortex and medulla, during the acute phase of reperfusion after ischemia induced by occlusion of the aorta upstream from the kidney. However, there are also recent clinical observations indicating relatively well preserved oxygenation in the nonfunctional transplanted kidney. To test whether severe acute kidney injury can occur in the abse...

Nimodipine and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were tested (alone and in combination) regarding their ability to increase hypoxic tolerance of brain slices under 'hypoxic' (deprivation of oxygen) or 'ischemic' (hypoxia+withdrawal of glucose) conditions. Direct current (DC) and evoked potentials were recorded in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices of adult guinea pigs. After induction of hypoxia or i...

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in ischemia/reperfusion-injury, atherosclerosis, and aging. It causes cell damage that leads to apoptosis via uncertain mechanisms. Because conditioned medium from cardiac myocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation induces extensive apoptosis of cardiac myocytes under normoxia, we hypothesized that a humoral factor released from the hypoxic/reoxygenated c...

Background and Purpose—Pyruvate is known to be cytoprotective through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that pyruvate protects the brain against ischemia–reperfusion injury by inducing endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) expression. Methods—Pyruvate’s protective effect was evaluated in C6 glioma cells and HT22 neuronal cells subjected to transient oxygen glucose...