Crosstalk among hormones characterizes endocrine function, and assessment of the hypogonadal man should take that into consideration. In men for whom testosterone deficiency is a concern, initial evaluation should include a thorough history and physical exam in which other endocrinopathies are being considered. Hypogonadism can be associated with both pituitary and thyroid dysfunction, for whic...

Leptin, as a key hormone in energy homeostasis, regulates neuroendocrine function, including reproduction. It has a permissive role in the initiation of puberty and maintenance of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. This is notable in patients with either congenital or acquired leptin deficiency from a state of chronic energy insufficiency. Hypothalamic amenorrhea is the best-studied, with...

This paper provides a systematic review of the literature about prostate cancer risk associated with testosterone therapy for hypogonadism. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and other resources was conducted to identify articles that highlight occurrences of prostate cancer in men receiving testosterone therapy for hypogonadism treatment. Articles that met study inclusion criteria were ...

BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between the levels of serum testosterone and the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using GOLD criteria, 140 male patients with COPD were categorized into mild, moderate, severe and very severe COPD groups of 35 each. Then, serum levels of testosterone, prolactin and LH of ...

Puberty is a remarkable developmental process with the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis culminating in reproductive capacity. It is accompanied by cognitive, psychological, emotional, and sociocultural changes. There is wide variation in the timing of pubertal onset, and this process is affected by genetic and environmental influences. Disrupted puberty (delayed or absent) ...

Mutations in the orphan nuclear receptor DAX-1 cause X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita. Affected boys usually present with primary adrenal failure in early infancy or childhood. Impaired sexual development because of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism becomes apparent at the time of puberty. We report adult-onset adrenal hypoplasia congenita in a patient who presented with hypogonadism at 28 yr ...

Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic disease that progresses silently. This disease is often diagnosed late when complications appear. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) is one of the classical complications of hemochromatosis. Its frequency is declining probably because of earlier diagnosis and better informed physicians. Certain symptoms linked to HH can have an impact on a patient's sexua...

PURPOSE To evaluate patients with known hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, some with known anosmia, for defective rhinocephalon development that resulted in olfactory tract abnormalities, an affliction known as Kallmann syndrome. METHODS Six patients who clinically had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were examined by MR. Thin coronal images of the interior frontal region were used to determine pres...

Testosterone deficiency or hypogonadism is a common finding in men undergoing dialysis, to a great extent a consequence of the failing kidney per se. Testosterone restoration in hypogonadism is common practice among endocrinologists. However, there is currently little awareness of this condition among both uremic patients and nephrologists, and in many cases, testosterone deficiency remains uns...

There is evidence demonstrating that sexual complaints represent the most specific symptoms associated with late onset hypogonadism, while central obesity is the most specific sign. In obese men, hypogonadism can further worsen the metabolic profile and increase abdominal fat. In addition, although hypogonadism can exacerbate obesity-associated erectile dysfunction (ED), recent data suggest tha...