Solutions were obtained from the cell wall free space of red light-grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) hypocotyl sections by a low-speed centrifugation technique. The centrifugate contained NAD and peroxidase but no detectable cytoplasmic contamination, as indicated by the absence of the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from the cell wall solution. Peroxidase activity centrifuged f...

Micropropagation of three genotypes of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] using 7-days old seedling-derived transverse thin cell layer (tTCL) explants was accomplished. The genotype, explant source and addition of silver nitrate to the medium significantly influenced shoot bud induction. MS medium with 26.6 μM of 6-Benzylaminopurin (BAP) and 3.22 μM of 1-naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA) wa...

Arabidopsis seedlings develop a hook-like structure at the apical part of the hypocotyl when grown in darkness. Differential cell growth processes result in the curved hypocotyl hook. Time-dependent analyses of the hypocotyl showed that the apical hook is formed during an early phase of seedling growth and is maintained in a sequential phase by a distinct process. Based on developmental genetic...

Environmental changes strongly affect plant growth and development. Phytohormones, endogenous plant-made small molecules such as ethylene, regulate a wide range of processes throughout the lifetime of plants. The ability of plants to integrate external signals with endogenous regulatory pathways is vital for their survival. Ethylene has been found to suppress hypocotyl elongation in darkness wh...

A seedling that emerges in darkness follows a developmental program known as skotomorphogenesis (dark development), which is characterized by etiolation, that is, a long, spindly hypocotyl and pale cotyledons and inhibition of chlorophyll and anthocyanin biosynthesis and true leaf development. Upon exposure to light, the seedling switches rapidly to photomorphogenesis (light development); the h...

The first somatic single cells of carrot hypocotyl explants having the competence to form embryos in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were identified using semi-automatic cell tracking. These competent cells are present as a small subpopulation of enlarged and vacuolated cells derived from cytoplasm-rich and rapidly proliferating non-embryogenic cells that originate from t...