OBJECTIVE Immature teeth have a large apical opening and thin divergent or parallel dentinal walls; hence, with conventional needle irrigation there is a very high possibility of extrusion. This study was done to compare the apical extrusion of NaOCl in an immature root delivered using EndoVac and needle irrigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty freshly extracted maxillary central incisors wer...

We previously reported that the in vitro antimicrobial activity of a 2.0% chlorhexidine endodontic irrigant was equivalent to that of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. The purpose of this study was to determine if chlorhexidine irrigants could instill substantive antimicrobial activity in instrumented root canals in vitro. Human teeth were instrumented using 2.0% or 0.12% chlorhexidine as irrigants. A...

Microbial bioburden in both acute and chronic wounds is an important factor in wound healing. Consequently, the reduction of bioburden to host-manageable levels, as well as the elimination of certain virulent forms of wound pathogens (regardless of their number), has become a goal of the wound care professional. A prospective, controlled clinical study using accepted sampling methods was conduc...

The dissolving effect of the endodontic medicaments calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on necrotic tissue was studied. Pieces of necrotic porcine muscular tissue were placed in either a 0.5% NaOCI solution (Dakin's solution), Ca(OH)2 mixed with water, or a NaOCI solution following pretreatment in Ca(OH)2 for various time intervals. The tissue pieces placed in 0.5% NaOCl...

The following case report demonstrates the tissue changes that may occur when sodium hypochlorite, an irrigant used for debridement of the root canal system, is inadvertently injected into periapical tissues.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX in determining working length in presence of normal saline, 0.2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% of sodium hypochlorite. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty extracted, single rooted, single canal human teeth were used. Teeth were decoronated at CEJ and actual canal length determined. Then working length measurements were obtained with Root ZX in p...

Root canal irrigants play an important role in the success of root canal treatment. As the major objective in root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system, it requires that the pulpal contents be eliminated as sources of infection. This goal may be accomplished using mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation, in conjunction with medication of the root canal between...

background: addition of disinfectant to irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials can eliminate the disinfection step to avoid dimensional changes associated with it. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of various disinfectant mixing liquids on the properties of commercially available irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials. materials and methods: four commercial...

To evaluate disinfection methods for environments contaminated with bioterrorism-associated microorganism (Bacillus anthracis), we performed the following experiments. First, the sporicidal effects of sodium hypochlorite on spores of five bacterial species were evaluated. Bacillus atrophaeus was the most resistant to hypochlorite, followed in order by B. anthracis, Clostridium botulinum and Clo...