Although Beadle a9 early as 1937 suggested that the urine of Nereis diversicolor O. F. Miiller might be of lower concentration than the body fluids when this worm is hyperregulating in low salinities, there has been no direct measurement of urine concentration to support this reasonable idea. Jorgensen & Dales (1957) studied osmotic water uptake and loss in N. diversicolor and calculated that t...

Regenerative therapies are promising treatments for early intervertebral disc degeneration. To test their efficacy, an in vitro tissue-level model would be valuable. Nucleus pulposus (NP) explant culture may constitute such a model, as the earliest signs of degeneration are in the NP. However, in NP explant cultures, balancing tissue osmolarity is crucial to preventing swelling, proteoglycan (P...

Swelling-Activated Chloride Channels? To the Editor: We want to make the readers of Circulation Research aware of challenges that have arisen regarding an article that was recently published by Diaz et al1 in Circulation Research. They proposed the attractive idea that improved cellular volume control through opening of swelling-activated chloride channels was responsible for the infarct size r...

INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by reduced extracellular osmolarity, i.e. hypo-osmolarity, and increased cell volume. Some studies suggest that deformation behavior of chondrocytes following hypo-osmotic challenge is not affected by the extraor pericellular matrix (ECM/PCM) while others suggest the opposite. Cell responses following hypotonic challenge have been earlier studi...

1. The exchangeability with added radioactive acetylcholine of the acetylcholine in isolated presynaptic nerve terminals (synaptosomes) and isolated synaptic vesicles was studied by a Sephadex-column method. 2. A substantial proportion of the synaptosomal acetylcholine is exchangeable with added radioactive acetylcholine. It is liberated by hypo-osmotic shock and ultrasonic treatment, and behav...

Adaptation is an important property of living organisms enabling them to cope with environmental stress and maintaining homeostasis. Adaptation is mediated by signaling pathways responding to different stimuli. Those signaling pathways might communicate in order to orchestrate the cellular response to multiple simultaneous stimuli, a phenomenon called crosstalk. Here, we investigate possible me...

Background: In-situ preservation of cauda epididymal spermatozoa at -10 degree centigrade with electrolyte free media for obtaining maximum functional gametes than preservation at 5 degree centigrade. Materials and Methods: Electrolyte free media prepared with soybean lecithin-glycerol, Coenzyme Q10 - glycerol and soybean lecithin - Coenzyme Q10- glycerol were inoculated separately into ligated...

Osmotic swelling is a common feature of many cataracts. Sugar cataracts and hereditary mouse cataracts are two types in which osmotic changes play a prominent role. In sugar cataracts, the initial swelling brought about by polyol accumuation leads to an imbalance in the pump-leak equilibrium. The pump mechanism becomes unable to keep pace with the leaky membranes. The marked increases in Na and...

The Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, acclimated to 30 ppt salinity, was transferred to either low (15 and 5 ppt), or high (45 ppt) salinity for 7 days. Hemolymph osmolality, branchial carbonic anhydrase activity, and total ninhydrin-positive substances (TNPS) in abdominal muscle were then measured for each condition. Hemolymph osmotic concentration was regulated slightly below ambien...