OBJECTIVE To determine absorption coefficients for sodium chloride solution (saline) and balanced salt solution at the 193- and 213-nm laser wavelengths. METHODS Absorption coefficients were obtained for each of the component species found in balanced salt solution. This was achieved by measuring laser pulse transmission through solutions of varying concentration. The experiments were repeate...

with a mean precipitation rate, much lower than that of the world, iran is among the countries that face severe water challenges. the present study has dealt with the evaluation of hydrochemistry of faryab spring water in hormozgan province, iran. four different composite water samples have been analyzed to detect major anions, cations, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, ph, and s...

A pure sodium chloride solution, at the concentration in which this salt exists in sea-water, may be poisonous to marine organisms, as was first proven by Loeb,’ who found that the young of a marine fish (Fundulus) soon die in y to F solution of sodium chloride. That death is due to the poisonous action of the sodium chloride, and not merely to the absence of other constituents of the sea-water...

Prior sodium restriction cross-sensitizes rats to the psychomotor effects of amphetamines and vice versa. Repeated central injections of vasopressin (VP) induce a psychomotor sensitization similar to amphetamine sensitization and repeated sodium deficiency. Thus brain VP signaling may be a common mechanism involved in mediating these two motivational systems. In experiment 1, we tested the hypo...

To determine if estrogen upregulates osmotic secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and alters body water balance, we infused hypertonic (3% NaCl) saline in 6 women (68 ± 3 yr) after 14 days of 17β-estradiol (transdermal patch, ∼0.1 mg/day, E2) and placebo (control) administration. Hypertonic saline was infused at 0.1 ml ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1for 120 min, and after a 30-min equilibration period, the s...

Hyperosmolar lactate-based solutions have been used for fluid resuscitation in ICU patients. The positive effects observed with these fluids have been attributed to both lactate metabolism and the hypertonic nature of the solutions. In a recent issue of Critical Care, Duburcq and colleagues studied three types of fluid infused at the same volume in a porcine model of endotoxic shock. The contro...

1. A 0.9 per cent solution of sodium chloride when given intravenously to anesthetized naturally nephropathic animals is not effective in preventing the development of an acid intoxication and the associated kidney injury. 2. A solution of sodium carbonate equimolecular with a 0.9 per cent solution of sodium chloride when given intravenously to anesthetized naturally nephropathic animals confer...

Aerosolized hypertonic saline is currently being investigated as a new agent for the treatment of impaired mucociliary clearance which occurs in many respiratory diseases. Mannitol aerosols, in particular dry powder inhalers, have been proposed as an alternative treatment to saline, offering the same osmotic load with other benefits. However, the effects of these hypertonic aerosols on airway e...

an animal model was designed to study the effect of large volume hypertonic solutions (hts) for re suscitation following a hypovolemic shock. resuscitation in hypovolemic animals was performed by infusion of 15 ml/kg of normal saline (group i), 5% sodium bicarbonate (nahco3) (group ii), 5% sodium chloride (naci) and 7.5 % nahco3 1:1 vn (group iii), 5% nac1 (group iv), and 5% nacl and 5% serum a...

Freshwater-adapted killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) opercular epithelia were dissected and subjected to blood-side hypertonic bathing solution in Ussing-style chambers to simulate the increase in blood osmolality during migration to sea water. Conversely, seawater-acclimated killifish opercular epithelia were subjected to hypotonic bathing solutions to simulate the initial stages of migration ...