PURPOSE To evaluate intestinal inflammatory and apoptotic processes after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, modulated by pentoxifylline and hypertonic saline. METHODS It was allocated into four groups (n=6), 24 male Wistar rats (200 to 250 g) and submitted to intestinal ischemia for 40 min and reperfusion for 80 min: IR (did not receive any treatment); HS group (Hypertonic Saline, 4 ml/...

Cytotoxic brain edema—swelling of nerve and glial cells—is among the very early pathophysiologic sequelae of focal cerebral ischemia. Once cell swelling has exhausted the cerebral compliance, intracranial pressure increases and, thereby, causes secondary ischemia. Hypertonic solutions, mannitol in particular, have long been used to reduce intracranial pressure. More recently, hypertonic saline ...

background: haemonchosis has a negative effect on the farming industry throughout the world, especially in the tropic and sub-tropic countries. the present study was carried out to differentiate haemonchus species from its main hosts in iran, including sheep, goat and camel.   methods: the identification took place based on the morphometrics of the spic-ules and molecular characters. two hundre...

Amniocentesis and intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic saline to terminate pregnancy in the second trimester has at~ tained great importance in recent [Years. That such a method was not accepted or currently used in leading obstetric institutiolll3 can be easily demonstrated. In Scandinavia, where an average of 3,354 pregnancies were legally terminated annually from 1955 to 1965, abdominal by...

BACKGROUND Mannitol is widely used in anesthesia and critical care medicine. Although its clinical effects were originally attributed to osmotic dehydration of brain cells, other mechanisms have also been proposed. Osmotic dehydration of astroglial cells is opposed by powerful volume-regulating mechanisms that involve inward transport of electrolytes. These mechanisms have been studied previous...

In a study designed to determine the protective effect of the specific histamine H1 antagonist terfenadine on hypertonic saline induced bronchoconstriction, 10 asthmatic subjects underwent hypertonic saline challenge (3.6%) after premedication with placebo or terfenadine (120 mg) 12 and two hours before the challenge. Hypertonic saline was administered in a dose dependent manner and the respons...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypertonic saline (3% NaCl) infusions can be used to treat acute neurologic hyponatremia (ANH) in critically ill patients with neurological and neurosurgical disorders such as subarachnoid hemorrhage. Adjustments in the rate of hypertonic saline infusions to treat ANH are needed to achieve a goal sodium range and are usually made on an empiric basis. To date, no data are ...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs both after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and after hypertonic saline administration; furosemide may be useful in preventing AKI indirectly. Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (sNGAL) is superior to serum creatinine (sCr) in diagnosing early AKI. We compared the administration of hypertonic saline plus furosemide (HTS+F) versus hypertonic saline (HTS...

Disturbances in tonicity (effective osmolarity) are the major clinical disorders affecting cell volume. Cell shrinking secondary to hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and even death. Quantitative management of hypertonic disorders is based on formulas computing the volume of hypotonic fluids required to correct a given level of hypertonicity. These formulas have limitations. Th...

It has been suggested that the pressor effect of hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride on the pulmonary circulation results from spasm of the pulmonary veins at their junction with the left atrium. These studies demonstrate that the increased resistance in the pulmonary vessels develops upstream to this site and that it may result primarily from mechanical blockage of vessels by clumped eryth...