The hypothesis that natriuresis can be induced by stimulation of gastrointestinal osmoreceptors was tested in eight supine subjects on constant sodium intake (150 mmol NaCl/day). A sodium load equivalent to the amount contained in 10% of measured extracellular volume was administered by a nasogastric tube as isotonic or hypertonic saline (850 mM). In additional experiments, salt loading was rep...

We have reported previously that taurine transporter (TauT) mediates γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a substrate in a conditionally immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelial cell line (TR-iBRB2 cells). This study investigates how TauT-mediated GABA transport is regulated in TR-iBRB2 cells under hypertonic conditions. [³H]GABA uptake by TR-iBRB2 cells exposed to 12 h- to 24 h-hypertonic cultu...

Many membrane transport systems are altered by changes in the state of the actin cytoskeleton. Although an intact microtubule network is required for hypertonic activation of the betaine transporter (BGT1), the possible role of the actin cytoskeleton is unknown. BGT1 function in Madin-Darby canine kidney cell monolayers was assessed as Na(+)-dependent uptake of GABA, following disassembly of F-...

The peripheral hyperosmolarity elicited by intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline brings potential benefits to the treatment of hemorrhage. The neural mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects remain unknown. The present study examines the role of carotid chemoreceptors in cardiovascular responses induced by hypertonic saline after hypovolemic hemorrhage in rats. Male Wistar rats (300-...

Hypertonic NaCl upregulated two sensitive and specific biochemical indices of apoptosis, caspase-3 activation and annexin V binding, in a time- and dose-dependent fashion in renal medullary mIMCD3 cells. Pretreatment with urea (200 mM for 30 min) protected from the proapoptotic effect of hypertonic stress (200 mosmol/kgH(2)O) in this model. The protective effect of urea was dose dependent and w...

Under hypertonic conditions, cellular protein synthesis is selectively suppressed in rabies virus-infected cells. The resistance of viral polypeptide synthesis to hypertonic conditions provides a means to study intracellular viral protein synthesis and may represent a property common to translation of many viruses.

Background: Hyperosmolar therapy is an essential treatment method for increased intracranial pressure and cerebral edema. Mannitol hypertonic saline are frequently used in clinical practice; however, more helpful recommendations needed the optimal management of edema terms choice, dosage, timing these medications. This study aimed to introduce characteristics relative strengths two agents, i.e....

OBJECTIVE To determine whether nebulized 3% hypertonic saline with epinephrine is more effective than nebulized 0.9% saline with epinephrine in the treatment of bronchiolitis in the emergency department. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. SETTING Single-center urban pediatric emergency department. PARTICIPANTS Infants younger than 12 months with mild to moderate bronchioli...

The central nervous system plays an important role in the control of renal sodium excretion. We present here a brief review of physiologic regulation of hydromineral balance and discuss recent results from our laboratory that focus on the participation of nitrergic, vasopressinergic, and oxytocinergic systems in the regulation of water and sodium excretion under different salt intake and hypert...

Dry air and hypertonic saline both create an osmotic stress to the airways, whilst dry air alone induces transient cooling of the airway mucosa. It is unclear whether these two stimuli lead to bronchoconstriction via the same mechanisms. We compared airflow- and hypertonic aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction (AIB and HIB, respectively) in the canine lung periphery, using a wedged bronchoscope t...