Article history: Received 27 January 2017 Accepted 30 January 2017 Available online 1 February 2017 Compared to the exposure to the external environment, whether and how the internal endocrine environment can illicit intergenerational effects is less understood. Hyperandrogenism is a common endocrine disorder that happens in 5–10% of reproductive-aged women. Previous animal studies suggest that...

BACKGROUND Surprisingly, the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in otherwise unselected overweight or obese women is unknown, despite obesity being frequent in patients with PCOS. We conducted the present study to obtain an unbiased estimate of the prevalence of PCOS in unselected overweight and obese premenopausal women from Spain. METHODS All premenopausal women reporting to the...

1.2 Diagnostic criteria The condition was described by Stein and Leventhal in 1935. There is a considerable controversy on the optimal criteria for PCOS. Although the NIH (National Institute of Health) criteria as hyperandrogenic anovulatory PCOS were proposed in 1992, these have now expanded to non NIH criteria including hyperandrogenic ovulatory to nonhyperandrogenic anovulatory PCOS (2). Aft...

Oligo-anovulation, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance characterizes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs). Metformin is the oldest insulin sensitizer used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In PCOs, metformin decreases the serum lipids, androgen and insulin; induces ovulation and regular menstrual cycle; increases the pregnancy rate.

Rare cases of hypertrichosis have been associated with topically applied minoxidil. We present the first reported case in the Brazilian literature of generalized hypertrichosis affecting a 5-year-old child, following use of minoxidil 5%, 20 drops a day, for hair loss. The laboratory investigation excluded hyperandrogenism and thyroid dysfunction. Topical minoxidil should be used with caution in...