BACKGROUND Pelvic floor muscle training can reduce prolapse severity and symptoms in women seeking treatment. We aimed to assess whether this intervention could also be effective in secondary prevention of prolapse and the need for future treatment. METHODS We did this multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial at three centres in New Zealand and the UK. Women from a longitudina...

A 16-year-old girl presented with symptomatic symmetrically enlarged butterfly-shaped Grade III (4.1–6 cm, measured from the hymen to distal edge (cranial/caudal)-BCD [1] (‘B’ – Cosmetic bother, ‘C’ –Clitoral hood involvement, ‘D’ –Dyspareunia due labia minora or Discomfort physical activity) of 4 years duration. She was a virgointacta, hence activity. had an uncomplicated surgical reduction di...

Background: The objectives of this study were to determine the etiologic causes of amenorrhea, the prevalence of müllerian anomalies as a cause of primary amenorrhea and the different varieties of müllerian anomalies causing primary amenorrhea. Methods: This study included all the women presenting with primary amenorrhea who presented to the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Nalanda Medi...

Isolated female epispadias without bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital anomaly affecting 1 in 484,000 females. The presenting features of female epispadias are urinary incontinence and abnormal anatomical features. A 6-year-old girl presented with primary urinary incontinence who on physical examination had a bifid clitoris and labia minora. The vagina and hymen were normal. Voiding cystoure...