 The crystal structure of two B-type carbonated apatite samples was re-analyzed, using the data of Wilson et al (2006). By applying the least squares method for the determination of carbon and oxygen atoms, a slightly different result was obtained, suggesting that the carbonate ion is not rigorously planar. Keywords Carbonated apatite, Carbonate, Xray diffraction.

Rats were raised on a variety of isotopically controlled diets comprising 20% C3, C4 or marine protein and C3 and/or C4 non-protein or energy (i.e. sucrose, starch and oil) macronutrients. Compound specific stable carbon isotope ( C) analysis was performed on the cholesterol isolated from the diet (n 7) and bone (n 15) of these animals and the values compared with bulk C measurements of bone co...

Unraveling the mechanisms behind the processes of cell attachment and the enhanced proliferation that occurs as a response to the presence of calcium silicate-based materials needs to be better understood so as to expand the applications of silicate-based materials. Ions in the environment may influence apatite precipitation and affect silicate ion release from silicate-based materials. Thus, t...

The differentiation of stem cells into multi-lineages is essential to aid the development of tissue engineered materials that replicate the functionality of their tissue of origin. For this study, Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the formation of a bone-like apatite mineral during the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) towards an osteogenic lineage. Raman spectroscopy...

Oxygen isotope values of biogenic apatite have long demonstrated considerable promise for paleothermometry potential because of the abundance of material in the fossil record and greater resistance of apatite to diagenesis compared to carbonate. Unfortunately, this promise has not been fully realized because of relatively poor precision of isotopic measurements, and exceedingly small size of so...

Remineralization of demineralized dentin lesions adjacent to glass-ionomer cements (GICs) has been reported in the literature. This study tested the hypothesis that a strontium-based GIC can remineralize completely demineralized dentin by nucleation of new apatite crystallites within an apatite-free dentin matrix. Human dentin specimens were acid-etched, bonded with Fuji IXGP, and immersed in a...

The 56 ka Monte Epomeo Green Tuff (MEGT) resulted from the largest volume explosive eruption Ischia island (south Italy). Its tephra is one of main stratigraphic markers central Mediterranean area. Despite its importance, a detailed characterisation petrography and mineral chemistry MEGT lacking. To fill this gap, we present petrographic description electron microprobe data on samples collected...