[1] Estimation of parameters for land-surface models, along with their corresponding uncertainties, relies on the input data for the atmospheric forcing variables including atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and incoming shortwave and longwave radiation. Most studies assume that forcing data are accurate and contain no random or systematic observational erro...

The circulation of water through the Earth system is of critical importance to life on Earth. The hydrological cycle is also intimately linked to the energy cycle and to biogeochemical processes including the carbon cycle. Simulating the various processes that interact to form the hydrological cycle is a daunting task for climate models. In particular, over land, interactions between precipitat...

The Okavango Delta is one of the world’s most fascinating wetland systems. The highly dynamic flooding forms the basis for a multitude of different ecosystems and plant and animal communities. Water scarcity and economical development lead to an increasing pressure on the ecosystem. A hydrological model is being developed to help making management decisions more sustainable by simulating possib...

Water changes information in the hydrological system, in time and space, as an environmental issue takes heed of managers and decision makers in watershed management and river engineering, which can be addressed by using spatially distributed modeling. In this study simulation of water balance components in Taleghan mountainous watershed is performed using the spatially distributed hydrological...

The impact of projected climate change on the long-term hydrological balance and seasonal variability in the federal German state of Thuringia was assessed and analysed. For this study projected climate data for the scenarios A2 and B1 were used in conjunction with a conceptual hydrological model. The downscaled climate data are based on outputs of the general circulation model ECHAM5 and provi...

Digital elevation models (DEMs) vary in resolution and accuracy by the production method. DEMs with different resolutions and accuracies can generate varied topographic and hydrological features, which can in turn affect predictions by soil erosion models, such as the WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) model. This study investigates the effects of DEMs on deriving topographic and hydrologi...