The sediments of Ethiopian crater lakes have differentially sensitive palaeoclimate indicators that vary with time. Lake Tilo, in the south-central Rift Valley, shows a 10,000-year diatom and oxygen-isotope sequence that may be interpreted in terms of hydrochemical and hydrological responses to century-scale climate changes. The diatom record of lake salinity became sensitive to climate variabi...

OBJECTIVE To use data collected by Gonoshasthaya Kendra, a large nongovernmental organization providing health care to some 600 villages, to describe the epidemiological pattern of stillbirth and any additional contribution made by arsenic contamination of hand-pump wells in Bangladesh. METHODS Completed pregnancies and outcomes (n = 30 984) for two calendar years, together with existing data...

The Mixing Cell Model (MCM) is a useful tool that can be applied to areas with limited hydrogeological data, such as arid areas in northwest China, to transform available groundwater hydrochemical data into quantitative information about an aquifer. In this study, we used the MCM to quantify water circulation in the study area and to analyze information such as the supply source composition and...

Hydrochemical constituents in streams may originate from currently active sources at the surface and/or legacy earlier inputs, waste deposits and land contamination. Distinction quantification of these source contributions are needed for improved interpretation tracer data effective reduction waterborne environmental pollutants. This article develops a methodology that recognizes quantifies som...

Hydrochemical data of karst springs provide valuable insights into the internal hydrodynamical functioning systems and support model structure identification. However, collection high-frequency time series major solute species is limited by analysis costs. In this study, we develop a method to retrieve individual concentration their uncertainty at high temporal resolution for using continuous o...

Non-point agricultural pollution is a major concern in groundwater management. To investigate nitrate input to the subsurface through groundwater recharge, thirteen natural springs were sampled. Discharge, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate concentration, pH value and water temperature were monitored every two weeks from January 2010 till February 2011 at selected springs in the Osona region...

Hydrochemical changes between 1991 and 2001 were assessed based on two synoptic stream surveys from the 820-km2 region of the Slavkov Forest and surrounding area, western Czech Republic. Marked declines of sulfate, nitrate, chloride, calcium and magnesium in surface waters were compared with other areas of Europe and North America recovering from acidification. Declines of sulfate concentration...

A refined hydrochemical model for single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) is presented. The processes of water vapor evaporation and condensation, mass diffusion, and chemical reactions are taken into account. Numerical simulations of Xe-, Ar- and He-filled bubbles are carried out. The results show that the trapped water vapor in conjunction with its endothermic chemical reactions significantly r...