That river systems are networks consisting of links and nodes is one of their most obvious characteristics. Despite the ubiquity of confluences and tributary networks, the first century of modern fluvial geomorphology paid little consistent attention to river junctions and the interactions between tributaries and the main stem (Kennedy, 1984). Important exceptions include classic contributions ...

Rating curves are the means by which readings of surface elevation at gauging stations on rivers are converted to discharges. Their implicit assumption of a unique relationship between stage and discharge overlooks some of the hydraulics of the problem by ignoring the effects of surface slope. This paper describes a method for allowing for possible variable slope by incorporating time derivativ...

Improvement in leaf hydraulics is directly related to the improvement of plant tolerance to drought stress. Therefore, a field and pot experiment was carried out to determine the type of genetic variability and selection of parental types on the basis of combining ability for leaf hydraulics. Genotypes showed similar performance in both experiments; higher values were shown by drought tolerant ...

A comparative study about twomodels, Muskingum and integrator-delay (ID) models, for canal control is presented.The former is a simplified hydrological model which is very simple and extensively used in hydraulic engineering for simulation and prediction. The latter is also a model with physical meaning and is widely used for irrigation canals control. Due to a lack of general awareness of Musk...

the determination of temporal and spatial salinity in tidal rivers is significant in supplying water for agriculture purposes, particularly where there is no controller dam at the downstream. in this research, the coherens model was applied to study the hydraulics of water flow, salinity distribution and transmission at the bahmanshir river. coherens is a 3d multi-purpose hydrodynamic model whi...

The main task of drilling the formation by the bit is done via scraping, crushing and grinding. Discharging the fluid from the bit nozzles is done with high pressure which assists to break the rocks. Different parameters affect the bit selection and design for each drilling formation, but the most important one is drillability that depends on hardness of the formation. In this paper, the design...

Abstract Stepwise derivation of flow equations the Herschel–Bulkley (HB) model is not available in literature. These are crucial for mechanical, chemical and petroleum engineering academia industries where fundamental works on non-Newtonian fluids may be done to reach future models estimation methods. Therefore, this work focuses laminar methods HB through pipes. In work, first, stepwise fluid ...

In dynamic simulation of complete wheel loaders, one interesting aspect, specific for the working task, is the momentary power distribution between drive train and hydraulics, which is balanced by the operator. This paper presents the initial results to a simulation model of a human operator. Rather than letting the operator model follow a pre-defined path with control inputs at given points, i...

the main task of drilling the formation by the bit is done via scraping, crushing and grinding. discharging the fluid from the bit nozzles is done with high pressure which assists to break the rocks. different parameters affect the bit selection and design for each drilling formation, but the most important one is drillability that depends on hardness of the formation. in this paper, the design...

Increasing numbers of plant scientists are recognizing the importance of hydraulic design in determining plant function. Hydraulic design – which can be broadly defined as the functional properties of the plant vascular system – is a determinant not only of plant water balance but also of photosynthetic rates and ecological niche differentiation. Classic approaches (Tyree & Zimmermann, 2002) an...