In meiosis, homologous chromosomes face the obstacle of finding, holding onto and segregating away from their partner chromosome. There is increasing evidence, in a diverse range of organisms, that centromere-centromere interactions that occur in late prophase are an important mechanism in ensuring segregation fidelity. Centromere pairing appears to initiate when homologous chromosomes synapse ...

Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats is a widely used autoimmune experimental model with many features similar to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To identify potential genetic regulatory mechanisms in RA, we conducted genome-wide linkage analysis in F2 progeny of arthritis-susceptible Dark Agouti (DA) and relatively resistant Fischer 344 (F344) inbred rats. We compared the data with our previous...

V. Conditions Associated with Genetic IGF-I Resistance in Humans A. African Efe Pygmies B. Leprechaunism and other genetic disorders associated with severe insulin resistance C. Deletions of the distal arm of chromosome 15 D. Rare examples of “idiopathic” short stature associated with elevated circulating levels of IGF-I VI. Conditions Associated with Acquired IGF-I Resistance in Humans A. HIV-...

Humans transformed Western Atlantic coastal marine ecosystems before modern ecological investigations began. Paleoecological, archeological, and historical reconstructions demonstrate incredible losses of large vertebrates and oysters from the entire Atlantic coast. Untold millions of large fishes, sharks, sea turtles, and manatees were removed from the Caribbean in the 17th to 19th centuries. ...

The Philadelphia chromosome was the first specifıc karyotype abnormality associated with a particular neoplastic disease in humans. Ph translocation generats hybrid gene consisting of 5' exon sequences bcr on 22 fused to 3' exons and polyadenylation/termination ABL proto-oncogene from 9. molecular consequence this is transcription chimaeric m RNA transcribed novel 210 kd protein (p 210) CML, an...

Neural stem and progenitor cells (referred to here as NSCs), located in the proliferative zones of embryonic brains, can be seen undergoing mitosis at the ventricular surface. Mitotic NSCs can be arrested in metaphase and chromosome "spreads" produced to reveal their chromosomal complement. Studies in mice and humans have revealed a prominent developmental presence of aneuploid NSCs, whereas ot...

Modern invasive EEG recording techniques are the result of an interdisciplinary research process between neurologists and neurosurgeons that began in the 19th century. In the beginning, stimulation studies were the basis of our understanding of cortical functions. After the introduction of EEG in humans by Hans Berger and its implementation in diagnostic procedures in epilepsy patients, a new e...

The search for the genetic factors contributing to complex, multifactorial traits such as human hypertension presents many challenges for medical research, and requires significant work in bioinformatics. Hypertension has been studied significantly in rat and mouse model organisms, with which researchers hope to deduce the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the condition [11]....

Centromeres are critically important for chromosome stability and integrity. Most eukaryotes have regional centromeres that include long tracts of repetitive DNA packaged into pericentric heterochromatin. Neocentromeres, new sites of functional kinetochore assembly, can form at ectopic loci because no DNA sequence is strictly required for assembly of a functional kinetochore. In humans, neocent...